1. Introduction The rapid development of nanomaterials has brought great benefits to society but also caused many potential risks to the environment [1,2]. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the application of nanomaterials, nanomaterials inevitably enter the environment [3]. Nanoparticles (NPs) have a size of less than 100 nm and are more likely to enter animals and plants by air, water and soil than other substances of the same type because of their special physical properties.