2. Results In total, 3104 juvenile and adult specimens from the 13 reference spawning populations were genotyped in this study. All loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in all populations after Benjamini and Yekutielli correction [44], with the exceptions of AoxD188, LS68, and AoxD170 in the Ogeechee River population. Similarly, all populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across all loci after correction, with the exception of the Ogeechee River population (p < 0.001).