ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 11 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1655231 This article is part of the Research TopicIndoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Pollutants, and Remedial StrategiesView all 9 articles 1 Introduction The natural air exchange rate (AER) in buildings plays a crucial role in the behavior of all gaseous mixtures and aerosol particles in the indoor environment. It also mediates their transfer from the outside of buildings to their interiors and vice versa.