Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The authors have nothing to report. References 1, , and , “Neutral Delay Differential Equations in the Modelling of Cell Growth,” Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society 16, no. 2 (2008): 133–160. 2, , , , and , “Neutral Delayed Fractional Models in Financial Time Series: Insights into Borsa Istanbul Sectors Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake,” Fractal and Fractional 9 (2025): 141.
