1 INTRODUCTION Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most serious threats to the long-term sustainability of viticulture.1 Comprising a complex of wood-colonizing fungi associated with chronic decline and vine death, GTDs have been linked to severe economic losses through reduced yield and quality, increased management costs, and shortened vineyard lifespan.2, 3 Among these diseases, Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) has been reported as one of the most damaging GTDs.1 It is caused by...
