Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, occurring within a few hours to several days due to reduced blood flow into the kidneys, due to conditions such as sepsis or hypotension. The incidence of AKI has been increasing steadily annually. AKI is linked to severe outcomes: 10–15% of AKI patients succumb to the associated acute illness, 3–15% advance to end-stage renal disease, and 20–50% develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1, 2).
