1 Introduction Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a form of human-induced light pollution that brightens the night environment (Bara and Falchi 2023). Unlike natural light, ALAN disrupts the natural light–dark cycles to which organisms have adapted over evolutionary time, and which they depend on for critical biological processes (Gaston et al. 2017). This disruption affects behavior, physiology, and life-history traits, with consequences for population dynamics (Lockett et al.
