1 Introduction The rapid growth of renewable power generation has been driven by the global energy transition. According to Ember's Global Electricity Review 2025, an additional 858 TWh of electricity was generated from renewable sources in 2024. In total, 40.9% of global electricity was supplied by renewables and nuclear power [1]. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, global installed renewable power capacity was reported to have reached 4448 GW by the end of 2024.
