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1 Introduction Glycans modify the vast majority of proteins that traverse the secretory pathway, including both membrane-anchored and secreted proteins [1]. As complex carbohydrate structures exposed to the extracellular environment, glycans play central roles across cell–cell and cell–pathogen interactions [2, 3], tumor immune evasion [4], microbiome development [5], and further regulate the stability, structure, and function of the proteins they modify [6].
1 BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and has a long prodromal phase, during which subtle cognitive changes occur. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between normal cognition and AD.
Abstract : Methylene blue (MB)- or Curcumin (Cur)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. Its actual clinical efficacy is still in question because the lack of oxygen in a deep periodontal pocket might reduce the PDT efficacy. We aim to investigate the effect of oxygen on PDT efficacy and to examine if the addition of hydrogen peroxide (HP) could improve PDT performance anaerobically.
Stimuli-responsive drug release nanoparticles are of particular interest due to their enhanced effects and reduced systemic toxicities in the area of cancer therapeutics. The effect of these nanoparticles on the cellular microenvironment has not yet been clearly defined. In this context, redox-responsive nanoparticles were synthesized with disulfide-containing linkages. These nanoparticles depleted cellular GSH level and modulated the cellular redox microenvironment to more oxidizing conditions.
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