Abstract Background: Nocturia and depression commonly coexist and may share underlying pathways. We examined the cross-sectional association between nocturia frequency and clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Methods: We analyzed 4,162 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021–2023. Nocturia was categorized as 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 voids/night; a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥10 defined clinically relevant depressive symptoms.
