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Articles by John Salmon
Digital asset insurance: Risks, claims handling, and global opportunities
Hogan Lovells Cadwalader's Partners Victor Fornasier and John Salmon discuss how the accelerating maturity of digital asset regulation across the UK, EU, and US demands attention from insurers. While the insurance industry has been slow to match banks and asset managers in adopting digital innovations, recent legislative moves have altered the landscape.
Tokenisation in wholesale markets: UK FCA and Bank of England publish Feedback Statement and FCA launches Call for Input on tokenised gold
On 14 September, two documents were published in relation to tokenisation. The FCA and the Bank of England (BoE) published Feedback Statement FS26/1 on “Tokenisation in wholesale markets”. The FCA also published a Call for Input on tokenised gold. Some key points from both publications are set out below. Feedback Statement FS26/1 on “Tokenisation in wholesale markets” The FCA and BoE intend to publish a Tokenisation Roadmap later in 2026.
Tokenisation in wholesale markets: UK FCA and Bank of England publish Feedback Statement and FCA launches Call for Input on tokenised gold
On 14 September, two documents were published in relation to tokenisation. The FCA and the Bank of England (BoE) published Feedback Statement FS26/1 on “Tokenisation in wholesale markets”. The FCA also published a Call for Input on tokenised gold. Some key points from both publications are set out below. Feedback Statement FS26/1 on “Tokenisation in wholesale markets” The FCA and BoE intend to publish a Tokenisation Roadmap later in 2026.
UK cryptoassets: new draft amending regulations and FCA perimeter guidance
There have been two further cryptoasset related developments this month. Both are potentially relevant to anyone who is considering offering services in the UK in relation to cryptoassets. The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2026 (Regulations) were laid before Parliament on 15 September.
Bank of England to be given a new payments systems innovation objective
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The Digital Assets Summit
The theme of this year’s Summit is New Horizons: the legal and commercial frontier of digital assets, with a particular focus on tokenisation and digital payments. The programme will explore global regulatory developments and their commercial implications.
As MiCA’s transitional periods expires, Europe’s crypto market faces a reckoning
When its first draft was published on 24 September 2020, MiCA promised to be a pillar of EU financial services legislation, placing the EU in a unique position as the first major jurisdiction to create a regulatory regime for crypto-asset markets. Its objectives were to establish a harmonised set of rules for crypto-assets at EU level to provide legal certainty, whilst enhancing consumer protection and financial stability, whilst promoting innovation and the use of crypto-assets.
FCA consults on Perimeter Guidance for the UK's new cryptoassets regime
The UK is introducing a new regulatory regime for cryptoassets and crypto-related activities. The relevant legislation was finalised earlier this year and sets out many of the parameters for the new regime. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA),...
In Primiparous Women at Term, a Symphysial Fundal Height of 36 cm Is Linked to the Lowest Risk of Emergency Caesarean Section and Postpartum Haemorrhage
1 Introduction and Historical Overview The first documented use of symphysial fundal height (SFH) measurement was in 1906 by McDonald [1], as a means of determining the length of a pregnancy. Subsequently McDonald [2] described how she calculated the duration of pregnancy in lunar months by dividing the height of the uterus in centimetres by 3.5. She claimed this gave ‘the most exact means of estimation of the duration of pregnancy’. She also claimed that a cut-off SFH is clinically useful.
Key takeaways from FCA Consultation Paper 25/41 – Admissions & disclosures and market abuse regime for cryptoassets | JD Supra
The Consultation Paper sets out the FCA’s proposed rules and guidance for admissions and disclosures (A&D) and the market abuse regime for cryptoassets (MARC). This is part of a wider consultation on the new UK regime for cryptoassets, including the new Cryptoasset Regulation that is being introduced by the UK government and was published in draft on 15 December 2025 (see here for further information on the statutory instrument that has been laid before Parliament).
UK cryptoassets regulation: What firms need to know and why early action matters | JD Supra
On 15 December 2025, the UK government laid before Parliament the draft Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2025. This landmark legislation, together with the FCA's messaging, signals a major step forward in the regulation of cryptoassets in the UK. Following this, on 8 January 2026, the FCA published a series of webpages on the new regulatory regime.
Key Takeaways from FCA Consultation Paper 25/42 – A Prudential Regime for Cryptoasset Firms | JD Supra
On 16 December 2025, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) published Consultation Paper 25/42 on a prudential regime for cryptoasset firms (the “Consultation Paper”). This paper is one of three consultation papers released by the FCA as part of the UK's cryptoasset regulatory framework. This Consultation Paper follows an earlier Consultation Paper (“CP 25/15”), as part of the FCA's efforts to obtain industry views on key matters before publishing a more complete set of rules to consult on.
Key Takeaways From FCA Consultation Paper 25/40 on Regulating Cryptoasset Activities | JD Supra
Authorisation Firms that operate a CATP serving UK clients will need to be authorised by the FCA, unless there is a specific exemption. As part of this process, the FCA will take into consideration the legal structure and the location of the entity in question.
Statutory Instrument on Cryptoassets is Laid Before Parliament | JD Supra
On 15 December 2025, the Statutory Instrument on Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulation 2025 (“SI”) was laid before Parliament. This publication has been eagerly anticipated after strong industry feedback on the draft SI published earlier in April this year. The SI is seen as the first (and a significant) step in the UK’s roll out of its highly anticipated cryptoasset regulatory regime.
Hogan Lovells and TheCityUK Progress report: Implementing the recommendations of our ‘Digitalisation of UK capital markets’ report
As Sharon Lewis, Lead Partner for Future of Finance and Co-Chair of the Digital Assets & Blockchain Practice at Hogan Lovells, notes, “While momentum is building and legal certainty around the use digital assets is growing, some urgent priorities remain to ensure the UK maintains its status as a world leading financial centre. Other jurisdictions are also moving to rapidly put in place legal frameworks to increase their attractiveness as global centres for finance and technology.
UK cryptoassets regulation: What firms need to know and why early action matters
What’s changing? The new regime amends the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001, introducing a comprehensive regulatory framework for cryptoassets. Key changes include: Clear definitions of regulated cryptoassets, including qualifying stablecoins and specified investment cryptoassets. New regulated activities such as issuing, safeguarding, trading, and arranging deals in cryptoassets, all requiring FCA authorisation.
Agentic AI in Financial Services: Regulatory and Legal Considerations | JD Supra
[co-author: Felix Scrivens] As AI evolves, agentic AI has emerged as one of 2025's defining tech trends - autonomous AI systems capable of decision-making and executing complex tasks with limited or no human input. Financial institutions are already exploring and adopting agentic AI to boost efficiency, scalability, and innovation. However, with transformative potential comes legal, and regulatory risks, particularly when third-party AI agents act on behalf of customers.
Agentic AI in Financial Services: Regulatory and Legal Considerations
Definition of agentic AI and its use cases Due to the comparatively recent development of agentic AI, there is no universally accepted or harmonised definition. The UK government, for instance, defines agentic AI as AI systems composed of agents that can behave and interact autonomously in order to achieve their objectives. In contrast, the EU AI Act does not make a reference to agentic AI.
UK FCA Annual Work Programme 2025/26 – what this means for digital assets and blockchain | JD Supra
On 8 April 2025, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published their Annual Work Programme, detailing what the FCA intends to deliver in 2025/26—read on for our views on what this means for the digital assets space. Following the publication of the FCA’s Strategy Paper last month (see our article on this here), and in line with the key regulator pledges announced by the UK government (see our previous article here), the FCA has set out its Annual Work Programme for 2025/26.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Multi-UAV Persistent Search and Retrieval with Stochastic Target Appearance
1. Introduction Groups of small, autonomous, battery-powered unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly utilized in many application areas [1,2]. They are especially used in tasks involving searching since their maneuverability, ability to mount on-board cameras, and ability to autonomously coordinate allow them to effectively search an area.
Comparative Guide: Regulating Staking | JD Supra
January 28, 2025 Elizabeth (Liz) Boison, Gregory Lisa, Mark Orton, John Salmon, James Sharp, Lavan Thasarathakumar, Michael Thomas, Christina Wu Hogan Lovells + Follow x Following x Following - Unfollow Contact To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: What is happening Many of the largest blockchain networks today are subject to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, such as Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon, which are reliant on users participating in the activity of...
The digitalisation of UK capital markets: Digitalised financial market infrastructure and tokenised bonds | JD Supra
January 23, 2025 Sharon Lewis, Sinéad Meany, John Salmon, Lavan Thasarathakumar, Michael Thomas, Bryony Widdup Hogan Lovells + Follow x Following x Following - Unfollow Contact To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: Digitalisation and the application of key technologies, such as distributed ledger technology (DLT), are reshaping the landscape of global finance.
UK – New statutory instrument on cryptoasset staking | JD Supra
On 9 January 2025, the widely anticipated Statutory Instrument exempting cryptoasset staking from the meaning of “collective investment schemes” as defined under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000) was laid before Parliament, and will come into force on 31 January 2025.
UK embraces DLT and tokenisation: direction of travel - Redefining the frontiers of financial system efficiency | JD Supra
This articles provides some insights on the direction of travel in the UK in relation to distributed ledger technology (DLT) and digital assets, in light of recent legislative and policy developments that signal the UK’s ambitions for scaling the adoption of DLT technology and facilitating growth in this space.
UK FCA on cryptoasset financial promotions and fiat-to-crypto on/off ramp services | JD Supra
The FCA has published its expectations on registered or regulated firms partnering with unregistered cryptoasset firms, which may be illegally promoting to UK consumers. Background Under section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”), a person must not, in the course of business, communicate an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity—this is otherwise known as the financial promotions restriction.
UK embraces DLT and tokenisation: direction of travel | JD Supra
This articles provides some insights on the direction of travel in the UK in relation to distributed ledger technology (DLT) and digital assets, in light of recent legislative and policy developments that signal the UK’s ambitions for scaling the adoption of DLT technology and facilitating growth in this space.
New UK AI (Regulation) Bill - Potential step forward to the statutory regulation of AI systems in the UK
The Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill (the “Bill”) was introduced as a Private Members’ Bill by Lord Holmes of Richmond in the House of Lords on 22 November 2023. The primary purpose of the Bill is to establish a framework for the regulation of AI in the UK. This involves putting AI regulatory principles on a statutory footing, and establishing a central AI Authority responsible for overseeing the regulatory approach to AI.
Final report on DORA subcontracting RTS published
On 26 July 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) published the final report on the draft Regulatory Technical Standards relating to subcontracting ICT services supporting critical or important functions (the “Subcontracting RTS”) under Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (also referred to as the Digital Operational Resilience Act, or “DORA”).
EUCS: controversial data sovereignty issues continue to drive debate for cloud services | JD Supra
[co-author: Alex Nicol] The European Union Cloud Services Scheme (“EUCS”) is a certification framework for cloud services introduced under the EU Cybersecurity Act. Currently still under consultation, the EUCS, once finalised, will be implemented by relevant EU bodies, with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (“ENISA”) likely playing a key role. The first EUCS draft was published in December 2020, and since then there have been several proposals and revisions to the scheme.
EUCS: controversial data sovereignty issues continue to drive debate for cloud services
The European Union Cloud Services Scheme (“EUCS”) is a certification framework for cloud services introduced under the EU Cybersecurity Act. Currently still under consultation, the EUCS, once finalised, will be implemented by relevant EU bodies, with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (“ENISA”) likely playing a key role. The first EUCS draft was published in December 2020, and since then there have been several proposals and revisions to the scheme.
EUCS: controversial sovereignty issues continue to drive debate for cloud services
The European Union Cloud Services Scheme (“EUCS”) is one of three certification schemes being developed by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (“ENISA”) under the EU Cybersecurity Act. These certification schemes have two key purposes: (1) to enhance the level of cybersecurity for ICT products, services and processes across the EU; and (2) to harmonise cybersecurity standards and avoid fragmentation within the EU between multiple certification schemes in different Member States.
Tokenized deposits, stablecoins and e-money: A Comparative guide | JD Supra
From the use of metal coins to the dematerialization of money, the advent of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and tokenisation arguably represents the next stage in the evolution of money and the payments ecosystem.
Tokenized deposits, stablecoins and e-money: A Comparative guide
From the use of metal coins to the dematerialization of money, the advent of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and tokenisation arguably represents the next stage in the evolution of money and the payments ecosystem. As noted in the PRA’s Dear CEO letter on ‘Innovations in the use by deposit-takers of deposits, e-money and regulated stablecoins’ dated 6 November 2023, we are now seeing “innovations in the forms of digital money and money-like instruments available to retail customers”.
"A System of Solar Devices in Public Places for Helping Meet Energy Dem" by John Salmon
Download Download Full Text (606 KB) Research Development Office Solar devices, Enery demand, Systems Engineering, Alernative Enery Energy Systems Salmon, John, "A System of Solar Devices in Public Places for Helping Meet Energy Demand" (2016). BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference. 60. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/researchnetworking/60
Key Takeaways from the BIS Innovation Summit 2024 | JD Supra
The BIS Innovation Summit held in Basel, Switzerland, in May 2024, brought together policymakers, senior executives from the financial and technology industries, and academics from around the world to discuss the accelerated pace at which technological innovation is progressing, and the opportunities offered to the financial sector and to central banks, as well as how central banks are tackling the risks that arise with such innovation.
Letter: The light that speaks
Brother Armand's Native American name, given to him by the chief of the Pitt River Nation, speaks volumes about who he was and what he gave to everyone he met! Brother Armand Garcia's final words of wisdom for the world as he departs for the light was: Let God's will prevail not free will. Brother Armand has gone home to God and wanted to express his hope for the world and especially the United States at this time.
Five Hacks to Renovate a Bathroom for Profit
If you’re prepping your home for sale, you’ll want to consider renovations that are the real money-makers. Bathroom and kitchen renovations are notoriously expensive, so you may be tempted to avoid them. But of all the rooms in your home, these two are typically the most important to buyers – and can influence their decision to make an offer or not. So don’t rule out the bathroom reno! It’s a great way to add value and appeal to your property.
New UK AI (Regulation) Bill – Potential step forward to the statutory regulation of AI systems in the UK | JD Supra
March 13, 2024 Louise Crawford, Daniel Dong Hoon Lee, John Salmon Hogan Lovells + Follow x Following x Following - Unfollow Contact To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: Amidst the backdrop of the recent release of the close-to-final EU AI Act and the UK government’s response to the AI White Paper, discussions regarding the need of AI regulations in the UK are gaining momentum.
New UK (Regulation) Bill - Potential step forward to the statutory regulation of AI systems in the UK
Amidst the backdrop of the recent release of the close-to-final EU AI Act and the UK government’s response to the AI White Paper, discussions regarding the need of AI regulations in the UK are gaining momentum. The timely introduction of the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill by Lord Holmes on 22 November 2023 marks a crucial step forward. This article looks into the rationale and key aspects of the Bill.
Letter: Mayacamas opponents' claims don't add up
The debate on the Mayacamas Charter School has far too many unsubstantiated opinions, misstatements, errors and outright lies being made by commenters. At a minimum, we should expect the parties involved to hold to a higher standard than the audience might. At the Napa County Office of Education meeting on Feb.
The Effect of Wet and Cold Environmen" by Caleb Duncan, Landon Wright et al.
Keywords tubular nylon webbing, effect of wet and cold environments, anchoring solution College Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology Department Mechanical Engineering Abstract Tubular nylon webbing is an effective and relatively inexpensive anchoring solution for search and rescue groups, fire departments, canyoners, and rock climbers. As an anchoring solution nylon webbing is vital to the safety of anyone who uses it. Serious injury or death will often occur if an anchor fails.
Triggering the Solar Revolution
Keywords Triggering the Solar Revolution, sun energy emissions, solar energy College Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology Department Mechanical Engineering Abstract The sun’s energy emissions are significantly higher than other alternative energy sources. All other energy sources combined would not provide even one percent of the potential collectible energy from the sun. The amount of potential solar power available is well over 5000 times the current world consumption.
Brisbane Sellers Opt for New Headline Reno Features
Usually, renovations to prepare a home for sale are on the more aesthetic side. Painting, interior decorating, kitchen remodelling, flooring, outdoor living updates and the like are the renovation go-tos. But function over form are what Brisbane sellers are now opting for. Plumbing renovations provide a massive boost to property value due to their convenience and energy efficiency. Spruced up plumbing means less effort for the new homeowners later, making a home both more attractive and pricier.
How Queensland's Tradie Shortage Will Escalate in 2024
A tradie shortage in Queensland is delaying renovations and leaving homeowners who experience property emergencies in deep water. With demand for new houses at the highest levels seen in living memory, a perfect storm has been brewing. With an insufficient number of tradies around to do the job, competition to get one on site is fierce. The COVID-19 pandemic is viewed as the starting point of the issue, but our problems started long before then.
An update on a UK CBDC: Bank of England and HM Treasury respond to consultation | JD Supra
February 2, 2024 Virginia Montgomery, John Salmon, Lavan Thasarathakumar, Christina Wu Hogan Lovells + Follow x Following x Following - Unfollow Contact To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: On 25 January 2024, the Bank of England and the UK Government (through HM Treasury) published a response to the consultation (the “Consultation Response”) that was launched last year on a UK retail central bank digital currency, i.e. a digital pound issued by the Bank of England.
An update on a UK CBDC: Bank of England and HM Treasury respond to consultation
On 25 January 2024, the Bank of England and the UK Government (through HM Treasury) published a response to the consultation (the “Consultation Response”) that was launched last year on a UK retail central bank digital currency, i.e. a digital pound issued by the Bank of England.
From Drip to Flood - Three Leaks You Shouldn't Ignore
Water leaks within a home, no matter how minor they may seem at first, have the potential to escalate from a mere drip to a disastrous flood. Addressing leaks early is essential to preventing damage and any associated repair costs. Here are three types of leaks that should not be ignored. 1. Kitchen Flexihoses: The Silent Culprits A flexihose, also known as a flexible hose, is commonly located beneath a kitchen sink and is used to connect a water supply line to a tap.
Sunflowers, Solar Panels, and Beeswax: Improving Solar Power for the Developing World
Keywords sunflowers, solar panels, beeswax, solar power College Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology Department Mechanical Engineering Abstract Inspired by the mechanics of how sunflowers follow the sun, we designed a system to increase output from solar panels by only using simple mechanics and beeswax. Solar power is becoming increasingly popular even in developing countries.
The Digital Operational Resilience Act (Part 1): An overview of the Level 1 Regulation.
On 28 November 2022, the European Council adopted the Digital Operational Resilience Act (“DORA”), concluding the final step in the EU legislative approval process and on 16 January 2023 DORA entered into force. DORA will be supplemented by Level 2 technical standards and delegated acts – additional rules and standards set out by the European Supervisory Authorities (“ESAs”) relating to technical points of implementation.
The Digital Operational Resilience Act (Part 1): An overview of the Level 1 Regulation. | JD Supra
[co-author: Bianca Okoye, Joseph Scott] On 28 November 2022, the European Council adopted the Digital Operational Resilience Act (“DORA”), concluding the final step in the EU legislative approval process and on 16 January 2023 DORA entered into force. DORA will be supplemented by Level 2 technical standards and delegated acts – additional rules and standards set out by the European Supervisory Authorities (“ESAs”) relating to technical points of implementation.
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