Is this you? As a journalist, you can create a free Muck Rack account to customize your profile, list your contact preferences, and upload a portfolio of your best work.
Claim your profile
Articles by Junghoon Ko
Approved label populations may be broader than trial populations for new drugs
1. In this cross-sectional study, approved label populations were broader overall compared to trial populations for new drugs in the United States and Europe. 2. The category of patient fitness most often exhibited broader label populations than trial populations, followed by disease severity.
Tirzepatide-associated improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors linked to degree of weight loss
1. In this post-hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT-1 trial, there was a mostly linear relationship between percentage change in weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factors such as waist circumference and blood pressure. 2. Decreases in hemoglobin A1c were seen even with modest weight reduction, whereas improvements in lipid profile were primarily demonstrated with more significant weight reductions.
Semaglutide may improve cardiovascular outcomes versus empagliflozin in patients with diabetes
1. In this retrospective cohort study, treatment with semaglutide resulted in nominally lower incidence of the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke compared to empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2. Patients treated with dulaglutide and empagliflozin had similar rates of the composite outcome.
Birth cohort effects observed for increased appendiceal adenocarcinoma incidence
1. In this retrospective cohort study, age-specific incidence rates of appendiceal adenocarcinoma increased by time period. 2. Local drift for appendiceal adenocarcinoma was significantly different from net drift, which was suggestive of a birth cohort effect. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: Malignant tumors of the appendix are rare and are often discovered incidentally following surgery, during the histologic evaluation of colonic specimens.
Hypotension- and hypertension-avoidance strategies may yield similar neurocognitive outcomes following noncardiac surgery
1. In this randomized controlled trial, hypotension- and hypertension-avoidance strategies yielded similar post-operative delirium frequency and severity following non-cardiac surgery. 2. The two strategies also demonstrated similar rates of cognitive decline at 1 year following noncardiac surgery.
Routine confirmatory testing for primary aldosteronism may have low diagnostic value
1. In this study which investigated the diagnostic accuracy of confirmatory testing for primary aldosteronism, post-seated saline suppression test aldosterone concentrations overlapped between treatment responders and non-responders. 2. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were equivocal across various aldosterone cutoffs despite accounting for laboratory assay, differences in treatment, and occurrence of hypokalemia.
Hospital-onset antimicrobial resistance increased during COVID-19 pandemic
1. In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence of hospital-onset antimicrobial resistant infections was found to have increased in United States hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2. Increases in hospital-onset antimicrobial resistance were associated with pre-existing comorbidities, illness severity, and recent antibiotic use, but not hospital factors.
Increased tirzepatide use for glycemic and weight control since United States market entry
1. In this retrospective cohort study, tirzepatide dispensations were found to have increased significantly following approval in the United States among people both with and without type 2 diabetes. 2. Among persons without type 2 diabetes, semaglutide remained the most frequently dispensed weight-lowering medication.
Patient navigation may improve colonoscopy completion following abnormal stool test
1. In this randomized controlled trial, participants with an abnormal fecal immunochemical test who received patient navigation had higher rates of subsequent colonoscopy than those who received usual care. 2. The mean time to colonoscopy was also shorter in the patient navigation group than in the usual care group. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a recommended form of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.
Evidence gap for acute pain outcomes in opioid use disorder
1. In this systematic review, evidence for the efficacy of acute pain interventions on individuals with opioid use disorder was generally limited. 2. Studies involving individuals already on buprenorphine showed that continuing the agent during episodes of acute pain may reduce pain severity.
High incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative kidney recipients
1. In this retrospective cohort study, individuals who were Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative had higher rates of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder than their seropositive counterparts following transplant with seropositive donor kidneys. 2. The incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in seronegative recipients was found to be five to ten times higher than previously reported.
Racial disparities may exist in access to lung cancer screening facilities
1. In this cross-sectional study, distance to the nearest lung cancer screening facility was greater in American Indian/Alaska Native-majority census tracts compared to non-Hispanic White-majority census tracts, even after adjustment for rurality. 2. Asian-, Black-, and Hispanic-majority census tracts exhibited shorter distances to lung cancer screening facilities than non-Hispanic White-majority census tracts.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists safe and effective for weight loss
1. In this systematic review, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists were effective in inducing weight loss in overweight adults who were otherwise healthy and did not have diabetes. 2. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists were associated with mild-to-moderate, transient gastrointestinal side effects.
Social and genetic risk scoring may improve coronary heart disease risk prediction
1. In this prospective study, polysocial and polygenic risk scores were independently associated with incident coronary heart disease. 2. Further, incorporation of polysocial and polygenic risk scores for coronary heart disease into pre-existing clinical risk calculators improved their performance. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: Coronary heart disease (CHD), like many other conditions, results from the interplay of numerous genetic and environmental factors.
Expanding human papillomavirus vaccination to high-risk mid-adults may be cost-effective
1. In this modeling study, the cost-effectiveness and number needed to vaccinate of mid-adult human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination improved when limited to those at higher risk for acquiring HPV infection. 2. HPV vaccination of mid-adults was found to be significantly less cost-effective and required a higher number needed to vaccinate compared to the vaccination of persons 26 years of age and younger.
Expanding human papillomavirus vaccination to high-risk mid-adults may be cost-effective
1. In this modeling study, the cost-effectiveness and number needed to vaccinate of mid-adult human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination improved when limited to those at higher risk for acquiring HPV infection. 2. HPV vaccination of mid-adults was found to be significantly less cost-effective and required a higher number needed to vaccinate compared to the vaccination of persons 26 years of age and younger.
Novel colorectal cancer screening tests’ utility depends on patient context
1. Based on a validated model of colorectal cancer screening, cell-free DNA blood tests may deliver net benefit when screening persons who decline alternatives, but net harm when substituting for more effective alternatives. 2. Next-generation multitarget stool DNA and RNA fecal immunochemical tests may achieve similar efficacy as standard fecal immunochemical tests in reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Fecal immunochemical testing may be efficient for colorectal cancer screening in younger patients
1. In this retrospective cohort study, fecal immunochemical test completion rates in individuals aged 45 to 49 years were slightly higher than those aged 50 years, and positivity rates were slightly lower in the younger cohort. 2. Receipt of colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test was similar in both age groups, but the false-positive rate was higher among the younger group.
Novel colorectal cancer screening tests’ utility depends on patient context
1. Based on a validated model of colorectal cancer screening, cell-free DNA blood tests may deliver net benefit when screening persons who decline alternatives, but net harm when substituting for more effective alternatives. 2. Next-generation multitarget stool DNA and RNA fecal immunochemical tests may achieve similar efficacy as standard fecal immunochemical tests in reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Fecal immunochemical testing may be efficient for colorectal cancer screening in younger patients
1. In this retrospective cohort study, fecal immunochemical test completion rates in individuals aged 45 to 49 years were slightly higher than those aged 50 years, and positivity rates were slightly lower in the younger cohort. 2. Receipt of colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test was similar in both age groups, but the false-positive rate was higher among the younger group.
Liberal transfusion may improve outcomes in myocardial infarction and anemia
1. In this secondary analysis of the MINT trial, 30-day risks for the composite outcome of death and recurrent myocardial infarction increased with lower hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion among patients with acute myocardial infarction. 2. Given the imprecision of the trial data, definitive conclusions regarding hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion remain uncertain.
Liberal transfusion may improve outcomes in myocardial infarction and anemia
1. In this secondary analysis of the MINT trial, 30-day risks for the composite outcome of death and recurrent myocardial infarction increased with lower hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion among patients with acute myocardial infarction. 2. Given the imprecision of the trial data, definitive conclusions regarding hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion remain uncertain.
New prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B
1. In this cohort study involving noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B, a new prognostic model based on viral load was found to have good overall performance in predicting risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. 2. Additional predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in the model included platelet counts, ALT levels, and hepatitis B e antigen result.
New prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B
1. In this cohort study involving noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B, a new prognostic model based on viral load was found to have good overall performance in predicting risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. 2. Additional predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in the model included platelet counts, ALT levels, and hepatitis B e antigen result.
COVID-19 caseload stress associated with increased mortality across U.S. hospitals
1. In this retrospective cohort study, increased surge index during the Delta wave was associated with worse survival across various hospitals in the United States. 2. The relationship between COVID-19 caseload stress and mortality was consistent across hospitals with varying size, location, and infrastructure.
COVID-19 caseload stress associated with increased mortality across U.S. hospitals
1. In this retrospective cohort study, increased surge index during the Delta wave was associated with worse survival across various hospitals in the United States. 2. The relationship between COVID-19 caseload stress and mortality was consistent across hospitals with varying size, location, and infrastructure.
Individualized acupuncture not associated with significant improvements in chronic neck pain
1. Individualized acupuncture with high- or low-sensitivity acupuncture points was more effective than sham acupuncture or waiting in reducing chronic neck pain, but not to a clinically significant magnitude. 2. Acupuncture was associated with a low rate of mild-to-moderate adverse events, which all resolved without any medical intervention.
Individualized acupuncture not associated with significant improvements in chronic neck pain
1. Individualized acupuncture with high- or low-sensitivity acupuncture points was more effective than sham acupuncture or waiting in reducing chronic neck pain, but not to a clinically significant magnitude. 2. Acupuncture was associated with a low rate of mild-to-moderate adverse events, which all resolved without any medical intervention.
Ultrasound-guided rendezvous and precut sphincterotomy similarly effective as salvage techniques for biliary obstruction
1. In patients with difficult biliary cannulation in the setting of benign disease, endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous and precut sphincterotomy had similar technical success rates. 2. Both techniques exhibited similar procedure times and rate of adverse events, although radiation exposure was significantly higher in patients who underwent ultrasound-guided rendezvous.
Ultrasound-guided rendezvous and precut sphincterotomy similarly effective as salvage techniques for biliary obstruction
1. In patients with difficult biliary cannulation in the setting of benign disease, endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous and precut sphincterotomy had similar technical success rates. 2. Both techniques exhibited similar procedure times and rate of adverse events, although radiation exposure was significantly higher in patients who underwent ultrasound-guided rendezvous.
Alternative lung cancer screening criteria may increase sensitivity versus current guidelines
1. In this modeling study, an alternative set of lung cancer screening criteria was more sensitive and specific overall in identifying high-benefit people as compared to the current United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria. 2. The alternative criteria were also more sensitive in identifying high-benefit people among racial and ethnic minorities.
Alternative lung cancer screening criteria may increase sensitivity versus current guidelines
1. In this modeling study, an alternative set of lung cancer screening criteria was more sensitive and specific overall in identifying high-benefit people as compared to the current United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria. 2. The alternative criteria were also more sensitive in identifying high-benefit people among racial and ethnic minorities.
High rates of diagnostic discordance in hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia
1. In this retrospective cohort study, discordance between initial diagnosis and discharge diagnosis occurred in over half of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia from the emergency department. 2. Documentation of diagnostic uncertainty was found in nearly half of clinical discharge notes, reflecting the persistent challenge of refining diagnoses for nonspecific presentations.
Homebound population linked to increased health service use and mortality
1. In this cross-sectional study, beneficiaries of a large national Medicare Advantage plan who were homebound had increased rates of health service use and mortality. 2. Female sex, low-income status, dementia, and moderate-to-severe frailty were predictive of homebound status. Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good) Study Rundown: An increasing number of older adults have functional impairments and chronic medical conditions which prevent them from leaving their homes.
High rates of diagnostic discordance in hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia
1. In this retrospective cohort study, discordance between initial diagnosis and discharge diagnosis occurred in over half of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia from the emergency department. 2. Documentation of diagnostic uncertainty was found in nearly half of clinical discharge notes, reflecting the persistent challenge of refining diagnoses for nonspecific presentations.
Dupilumab reduces exacerbations in COPD with type 2 inflammation
1. In this randomized controlled trial, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation who received dupilumab had a lower annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations than those who received a placebo. 2. The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline to week 12 and week 52 was significantly greater in the dupilumab group.
Dupilumab reduces exacerbations in COPD with type 2 inflammation
1. In this randomized controlled trial, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation who received dupilumab had a lower annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations than those who received a placebo. 2. The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline to week 12 and week 52 was significantly greater in the dupilumab group.
Oral sebetralstat provides early symptom relief for hereditary angioedema attacks
1. In this randomized controlled trial, oral sebetralstat provided faster times to the beginning of symptom relief than placebo in individuals experiencing hereditary angioedema attacks. 2. Oral sebetralstat also provided larger reductions in attack severity and faster times to complete attack resolution.
Oral sebetralstat provides early symptom relief for hereditary angioedema attacks
1. In this randomized controlled trial, oral sebetralstat provided faster times to the beginning of symptom relief than placebo in individuals experiencing hereditary angioedema attacks. 2. Oral sebetralstat also provided larger reductions in attack severity and faster times to complete attack resolution.
APOE3 Christchurch heterozygosity may delay cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease
1. Carriers of the E280A variant of presenilin 1 (PSEN1E280A) who were heterozygous for the apolipoprotein E3 Christchurch variant (APOE3Ch) had a lower median age of onset of cognitive impairment and dementia compared to those without APOE3Ch. 2. Carriers of PSEN1E280A with APOE3Ch heterozygosity had limited tau pathologic findings and fewer vascular amyloid pathologic features based on autopsy and positron-emission tomography (PET).
APOE3 Christchurch heterozygosity may delay cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease
1. Carriers of the E280A variant of presenilin 1 (PSEN1E280A) who were heterozygous for the apolipoprotein E3 Christchurch variant (APOE3Ch) had a lower median age of onset of cognitive impairment and dementia compared to those without APOE3Ch. 2. Carriers of PSEN1E280A with APOE3Ch heterozygosity had limited tau pathologic findings and fewer vascular amyloid pathologic features based on autopsy and positron-emission tomography (PET).
Early asthma and COPD intervention decreases healthcare utilization
1. In this randomized controlled trial, adults with undiagnosed asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who received pulmonologist-directed treatment had lower healthcare utilization than those who received usual care. 2. Adults with undiagnosed asthma or COPD who received pulmonologist-directed treatment had improved secondary outcomes, including quality of life, symptom burden, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).
Early asthma and COPD intervention decreases healthcare utilization
1. In this randomized controlled trial, adults with undiagnosed asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who received pulmonologist-directed treatment had lower healthcare utilization than those who received usual care. 2. Adults with undiagnosed asthma or COPD who received pulmonologist-directed treatment had improved secondary outcomes, including quality of life, symptom burden, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).
Self-expanding valve has lower rates of dysfunction than balloon-expandable valve for small aortic annulus
1. In this randomized controlled trial, a self-expanding supra-annular valve was superior to a balloon-expandable valve for bioprosthetic-valve dysfunction among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and a small aortic annulus. 2. The self-expanding valve was noninferior to the balloon-expandable valve for a composite of death, disabling stroke, or rehospitalization for heart failure.
Self-expanding valve has lower rates of dysfunction than balloon-expandable valve for small aortic annulus
1. In this randomized controlled trial, a self-expanding supra-annular valve was superior to a balloon-expandable valve for bioprosthetic-valve dysfunction among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and a small aortic annulus. 2. The self-expanding valve was noninferior to the balloon-expandable valve for a composite of death, disabling stroke, or rehospitalization for heart failure.
Aficamten improves oxygen uptake in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
1. In this randomized controlled trial, aficamten significantly improved peak oxygen uptake in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared with placebo. 2. The results for all 10 secondary endpoints were significantly improved with aficamten. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: HCM is one of the most common genetic heart diseases and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy without other obvious causes.
Nutrition source does not influence weight gain for moderate-to-late-preterm infants
1. In this randomized controlled trial, the body-fat percentage among preterm infants was similar between those who received parenteral nutrition and those who received dextrose solution. 2. The time to full enteral feeding was similar between preterm infants who received smell and taste exposure before gastric-tube feeding versus those who did not.
Olezarsen effectively lowers triglycerides in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome
1. In this randomized controlled trial, 80 mg of olezarsen, but not 50 mg, significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to placebo after six months in familial hyperchylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) patients. 2. The overall incidence of acute pancreatitis was lower in patients who received olezarsen compared to placebo at 53 weeks. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: FCS is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of plasma triglycerides.
Aficamten improves oxygen uptake in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
1. In this randomized controlled trial, aficamten significantly improved peak oxygen uptake in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared with placebo. 2. The results for all 10 secondary endpoints were significantly improved with aficamten. Evidence Rating Level: 1 (Excellent) Study Rundown: HCM is one of the most common genetic heart diseases and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy without other obvious causes.
Nutrition source does not influence weight gain for moderate-to-late-preterm infants
1. In this randomized controlled trial, the body-fat percentage among preterm infants was similar between those who received parenteral nutrition and those who received dextrose solution. 2. The time to full enteral feeding was similar between preterm infants who received smell and taste exposure before gastric-tube feeding versus those who did not.
Show More
loading
Actions
Is this you?
As a journalist, you can create a free Muck Rack account to customize your profile, list your contact preferences, and upload a portfolio of your best work.Get in touch with Junghoon
Contact Junghoon, search articles and posts on X, monitor coverage, and track replies from one place.
Learn more about Muck Rack