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Mehou, J.M. and Leventhal, B.C. (2026), What about Tests Make Students Switch Off? Item-Level Predictors of Disengagement on the PISA. Journal of Educational Measurement, 63: e70034. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70034 References , & (2024). Comparing examinee-based and response-based motivation filtering methods in remote low-stakes testing. Applied Measurement in Education, 37(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2024.2311927 , & (2023).
We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Appropriate ethical guidelines were followed in the conduct of the research Additional information No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Abstract Low test-taking effort remains a persistent problem in low-stakes assessments as it introduces construct-irrelevant variance into the scores which can compromise the validity interpretations made with these scores. This study applies the IRTree Model for Disengagement to jointly estimate disengagement and science ability in the U.S.A. sample of the 2022 Programme for International Student Assessment.
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