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Layout imagery by PX Media/stock.adobe.com Editor's note: This column was prepared by members of AWWA's Utility Quality Management Committee, which is part of the Management and Leadership Division under the association's Technical and Educational Council. AWWA's formal standards development process has been used for more than 100 years to produce consensus-based standards accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
In the United States, service lines made of lead were installed in many distribution systems before Congress banned installation of new lead pipes in 1986. Many lead service lines (LSLs) are still in place, however, and a recent study concluded that approximately 6.1 million LSLs (either full or partial) are still present in US community water systems (Cornwell et al. 2016).
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