We thank the Asian Development Bank, the Japan Fund for Prosperity and Resilience, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Asociación Mexicana de Cultura, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research through the project “Development of poverty and inequality in Germany and France over the past 25 years” (grant number 01UI2208A), the International Growth Centre, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Smith Richardson Foundation, and the World Bank for financial support.