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Articles by Lee Robert
Offside, You Make the Call
Watch this clip and complete the poll.This poll is intended for parents, players, coaches, managers and spectators.I will post the poll results on Monday.
International Referee Day
International Referee Day is coming up this Saturday, October 11th, and we would like to thank those referees who make the game possible in Southern CA and every community across the globe. For many, this may be the first time you’re hearing about International Referee Day. It’s a global movement to recognize referees at every level of the game. US Soccer is marking the day with National social media recognition and storytelling to highlight the people who help to make the games possible.
Offside?
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. #1 Do you know the offside law?
Let's Hear from the Moms
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Discrimination has no place in Football (UK), especially in Youth Soccer (USA)
#1 August 15, 2025 EPL (Premier) Match Suspended Due to Racial Slur by Spectator The opening game of the new Premier League season was earlier stopped in the first half after Bournemouth forward Antoine Semenyo reported being racially abused by someone in the crowd. Referee Anthony Taylor paused the game to talk to Semenyo as Liverpool prepared to take a corner. Taylor then jogged to the technical areas to speak to Liverpool manager Arne Slot and his Bournemouth counterpart Andoni Iraola.
Girl's Dad to Youth Referee, "I'll give you one word of advice..."
Watch this clip: This 2012 Girls ECNL dad or coach is a disgrace. 12-0 loss for his girls' team in College Station, Texas. Lots of children there, including the ref crew, uncomfortable and unsure of how to react.... www.facebook.com Let's say the referee did say or do something that would be considered Misconduct by a Referee. This dad, whether justified or not, accomplished the precise opposite of what is needed.
Recorded Respect Briefing for the Soccer Community
We have held briefings for the Referee Community, the Leagues and now the Soccer Community. Here is the link to the folder Respect Briefing: Respect Briefing (Click Here) It includes the updated presentation and video clips. Also included is a Respect Business card that can be shared. As I have said at every briefing, referees are not interested in filling out reports and suspending coaches and parents.
Información en español, Cambios legislativos, Prevención de abusos, Respeto 360
#1 No te pierdas nuestras reuniones virtuales de Zoom sobre "Prevención del abuso de árbitros" 15 y 22 de Agosto de 2025 Mejorar la comunicación y el entendimiento entre las comunidades de fútbol y árbitros es la única manera de mejorar tanto la calidad de los árbitros como el comportamiento de los entrenadores y los padres.
Law Changes - Goalkeeper 8-Sec
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. #1
Briefing ZOOM - Aug 13 @ 7p
BRIEFING August 13 - Referee Abuse Prevention Briefing for Southern CA Coaches, Managers and Parents date: Wednesday, Aug 13 time: 7:00 pm Zoom Registration: click here 95% of our referees are current or former players, coaches or soccer parents. Our future referees will likely come from your team. Referees are NOT interested in penalizing coaches, players or spectators; we are interested in safety, fairness and enjoyment for all.
Briefing - Referee Abuse Prevention, what it means to you
August 6 - Referee Abuse Prevention Briefing for Southern CA Parents and Spectators 95% of our referees are current or former players, coaches or soccer parents. Referees are not interested in penalizing coaches, players or spectators; we are interested in preventing abuse and discrimination. There have been briefings for the referees, coaches and leagues. This briefing is designed for the parents and spectators in Southern CA.
Referee Abuse Prevention Briefing Coming Soon
Referee Abuse Prevention Briefing Coming Soon We are working with the soccer community so everyone has an opportunity to understand the importance of this policy amendment. Why it was amended and how we can work together to provide a Safe Environment for all participants. Referees make mistakes. We are not interested in penalizing coaches, players or spectators; we are interested in preventing abuse.
MD2490 – Measurement of the TMCI threshold at flat-top in the LHC
Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2020-0056 Title MD2490 – Measurement of the TMCI threshold at flat-top in the LHC If you experience any problem watching the video, click the download button below Download Embed Viewed by - users Author(s) Albert, Markus (CERN) ; Amorim, David (Universite Grenoble-Alpes (FR)) ; Antipov, Sergey ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Buffat, Xavier (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (University of Liverpool (GB)) ; Fuchsberger, Kajetan ; Mereghetti, Alessio ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ;...
MD1447 –β∗–Reach: 2016 IR7 Collimation Hierarchy Limit and Impedance
Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2020-0021 Title MD1447 –β∗–Reach: 2016 IR7 Collimation Hierarchy Limit and Impedance Download Embed Viewed by 2 users Author(s) Amorim, David (Universite Grenoble-Alpes (FR)) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Bonanno, Edoardo (Universita degli studi di Palermo (IT)) ; Carver, Lee Robert (University of Liverpool (GB)) ; Ferrazza, Diego (Universita e INFN, Roma I (IT)) ; Lefevre, Thibaut (CERN) ; Levens, Tom (CERN) ; Mereghetti, Alessio (CERN) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ;...
MD1787 - LHC TDI tune shift measurement at injection
Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2020-0015 Title MD1787 - LHC TDI tune shift measurement at injection Author(s) Amorim, David (Universite Grenoble-Alpes (FR)) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Carbajo Perez, David (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (University of Liverpool (GB)) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Rijoff, Tatiana Libera ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Soderen, Martin (CERN) ; Valuch, Daniel (CERN) Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 30 Jan 2019. - 3 p.
Deliverable 2.10: Summary of the observations in the SPS and update of the estimates for HL-LHC
Report number CERN-ACC-2020-0002 Title Deliverable 2.10: Summary of the observations in the SPS and update of the estimates for HL-LHC Download Embed Viewed by 2 users Author(s) Alekou, Androula (University of Manchester (GB)) ; Antoniou, Fanouria (CERN) ; Appleby, Robert Barrie (University of Manchester (GB)) ; Bartosik, Hannes (CERN) ; Calaga, Rama (CERN) ; Carla', Michele (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (University of Liverpool (GB)) ; Papaphilippou, Yannis (CERN) ; Welsch, Carsten Peter...
Deliverable 2.7: Analysis of the existing sources of blow-up in the SPS by experiments and estimation/measurement of the effect of the crab cavities in the SPS
Report number CERN-ACC-2020-0001 Title Deliverable 2.7: Analysis of the existing sources of blow-up in the SPS by experiments and estimation/measurement of the effect of the crab cavities in the SPS Download Embed Viewed by 2 users Author(s) Alekou, Androula (University of Manchester (GB)) ; Antoniou, Fanouria (CERN) ; Appleby, Robert Barrie (University of Manchester (GB)) ; Bartosik, Hannes (CERN) ; Calaga, Rama (CERN) ; Carla', Michele (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (University of Liverpool...
MD2065: Emittance exchange with linear coupling
In order to better understand the luminosity imbalance between ATLAS and CMS that was observed in 2016, it was proposed to perform a test whereby the horizontal and vertical emittances are exchanged by crossing the tunes in the presence of linear coupling. The luminosity before and after the exchange could be compared to see if the imbalance stems purely from the uneven emittances or if there is an additional mechanism in play.
The Ghost Train Instability (MDs 2066 and 2936)
This notes describes experimental studies of the octupole strength required to stabilise bunch trains at 6.5 TeV in the LHC, performed over 3 MD blocks in 2017. An instability affecting the bunches at the head of the train in the horizontal plane of B1 was observed and could not be stabilised with the maximum octupole current available in the first 2 MD tests. The instability was no longer observed in the last experiment in similar conditions.
MD421: Electron cloud studies on 25 ns beam variants (BCMS, 8b+4e)
This note describes a Machine Development session performed with the main goal of studying the e-cloud mitigation that can be obtained by injecting mixed trains of 8b+4e beam type and trains having the standard 25 ns structure. Additionally, in the course of the MD, the pure 8b+4e beam was also checked to be stable when injected with low chromaticity and octupole current settings. Subsequently, the operational BCMS 25 ns beam was also injected with the 8b+4e settings and found to be unstable.
MD1878: Operation with primary collimators at tighter settings
Primary (TCP) collimators of the betatron cleaning insertion determine the betatron cut of the LHC beam. During the 2016 they were set at 5.5 nominal beam sigmas at 6.5 TeV (i.e. by using a normalized emittance " = 3:5 m is used). Reducing their settings is a possible way to push the at the LHC, which depends on the collimation hierarchy. This study aims at understanding possible limitations of operating the LHC with tighter settings of the primary collimators.
MD1878: Operation with primary collimators at tighter settings
Primary (TCP) collimators of the betatron cleaning insertion determine the betatron cut of the LHC beam. During the 2016 they were set at 5.5 nominal beam sigmas at 6.5 TeV (i.e. by using a normalized emittance ?* = 3:5 ?m is used). Reducing their settings is a possible way to push the ß* at the LHC, which depends on the collimation hierarchy. This study aims at understanding possible limitations of operating the LHC with tighter settings of the primary collimators.
MD1228: Validation of Single Bunch Stability Threshold & MD1751: Instability Studies with a Single Beam
Instabilities were being routinely observed in B1V during ADJUST. The timing of the instabilities has been localised to shortly after the TOTEM bump has been implemented. The result is emittance blowup which can negatively effect the luminosity output of the fill. This MD aimed to rule out possible sources of the instability (i.e. beam-beam effects or electron cloud) by only taking one single beam to 6.5TeV and going through the full machine cycle.
MD2013: Tune shift along the batch at flat top
A series of tests were performed that led to a measurement of the tune shift along a 96 bunch batch with 25ns spacing at at top. The measurements demonstrated the ability of the transverse damper (ADT) to excite single bunches with minimal pulse leakage to neighbouring bunches (with 25ns bunch spacing). The processes were tested and refined with tests at injection and end of fill (EOF) before carrying out the excitation at at top before a physics fill.
MD1831: Single Bunch Instabilities with Q" and Non-Linear Corrections
During MD1751, it was observed that both a full single beam and 964 non-colliding bunches in Beam 1 (B1) and Beam 2 (B2) were both stable at the End of Squeeze (EOS) for 0A in the Landau ctupoles. At ß* = 40cm there is also a significant Q" arising from the lattice, as well as uncorrected non-linearities in the IRs. Each of these effects could be capable of fully stabilising the beam.
Summary of the half-day internal review of LHC performance limitations (linked to transverse collective effects) during run II (CERN, 29/11/2016)
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2017-0005 Title Summary of the half-day internal review of LHC performance limitations (linked to transverse collective effects) during run II (CERN, 29/11/2016) Author(s) Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Arduini, Gianluigi (CERN) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Buffat, Xavier (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Li, Kevin Shing Bruce (CERN) ; Persson, Tobias Hakan Bjorn (CERN) ; Romano, Annalisa (Technische Universitaet Darmstadt (DE))...
CERN Document Server
Since the first transverse instability observed in 2010, many studies have been performed on both measurement and simulation sides and several lessons have been learned.
CERN Document Server
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0022 Title MD 754: Instability Threshold for Train with 25ns Spacing Author(s) Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Astapovych, Daria ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Levens, Tom (University of Glasgow (GB)) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Wang, Na Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 27 Jan 2016. - 9 p.
CERN Document Server
This report summarises the results of the MD314 about the hierarchy limit of the IR7 collimation system and its impedance. While the activity, the procedures and the results concerning the collimator hierarchy limit are detailed here, the main outcomes from the impedance studies are only briefly reported, as a detailed MD report has been prepared. The MD was carried out during MD block II of 2015, on 29th August, at 6.5 TeV.
CERN Document Server
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0004 Title MD 751: Train Instability Threshold Author(s) Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Levens, Tom (University of Glasgow (GB)) ; Nisbet, David (CERN) Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 06 Jan 2016. - 9 p.
CERN Document Server
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0003 Title MD 349: Impedance Localization with AC-dipole Author(s) Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Papotti, Giulia (CERN) ; Persson, Tobias Hakan Bjorn (CERN) ; Tomas Garcia, Rogelio (CERN) Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 05 Jan 2016. - 7 p.
CERN Document Server
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0002 Title MD 346: Summary of single bunch instability threshold measurements Author(s) Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Levens, Tom (University of Glasgow (GB)) ; Buffat, Xavier (CERN) ; Pieloni, Tatiana (CERN) ; Tambasco, Claudia (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (CH)) ; Trad, Georges (CERN) Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 06 Jan 2016. - 8 p.
CERN Document Server
Internal Note Report number CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0005 Title MD 755: Instability threshold and tune shift study with reduced retraction between primary and secondary collimators in IR7 Author(s) Carver, Lee Robert (CERN) ; Biancacci, Nicolo (CERN) ; Mereghetti, Alessio (CERN) ; Bruce, Roderik (CERN) ; Metral, Elias (CERN) ; Salvant, Benoit (CERN) ; Nisbet, David (CERN) Corporate author(s) CERN. Geneva. ATS Department Imprint 06 Jan 2016. - 9 p.
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