CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT This research has received financial support from CL Pile Sdn. Bhd. Other than that, the authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. REFERENCES 1, . High-strength concrete-microstructural characteristics and related durability aspects. International RILEM workshop on durability of high performance concrete. Vienna: Springer; 1995. 2.