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In this study, the mean impact of food consumption in Northern Norway in terms of CO2-eq was estimated to be 4.8 kg per person per day. This corresponds to the estimations in a recent study by Lengle et al. [38] (4.7 kg CO2-eq per person per day), which used the same environmental impact database with a different dietary assessment method focusing on Norwegian diets without a specific regional emphasis on the North.
Table 1 displays the sex-stratified characteristics of the study population by pre-frailty status. In total, 27.1% were pre-frail with a mean age of 73.3 years, significantly higher than the robust population (71.6 years). A total of 51.3% were women, and when stratified by sex, 28.7% of women and 25.5% of men were pre-frail.
In the present prospective cohort study, we found that a higher frequency of (lean, fatty and total) fish intake was significantly associated with lower odds of physical pre-frailty after 8 years in older community-dwelling adults in Norway. Moreover, a pattern of consistent high frequency of total fish intake over 21 years was associated with lower odds of pre-frailty. Overall, the main study population was a relatively healthy sample of older residents in Tromsø, Northern Norway.
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