Characterization of the Single GNPs The radii of the single GNPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) immediately after fabrication using the same cross-beam setup. The generated secondary electron yield was mapped, and the pore radius was estimated by intensity profile analysis (Figure , Supporting Information). To obtain the precise pore geometry, cross-sectional analysis was performed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM/XTEM).
