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Sequential ionization of fullerene cluster ions (C60)n+ within multiply charged helium nanodroplets leads to the intriguing phenomenon of forming and stabilizing doubly and triply charged fullerene oligomers. While the formation of doubly charged dimers (C60)22+ has been predicted in earlier studies, the observation of even triply charged ones (C60)23+ is highly surprising.
Size Limits and Fission Channels of Doubly Charged Noble Gas Clusters Small, highly charged liquid droplets are unstable with respect to spontaneous charge separation when their size drops below the Rayleigh limit or, in other words, their fissility parameter X exceeds the value 1. The absence of small doubly charged atomic cluster ions in mass spectra below an element-specific appearance size na has sometimes been attributed to the onset of barrierless fission at X = 1.
1 Introduction Phthalocyanine (H2Pc) and its metallic derivatives (MPc) belong to the large family of aromatic organic compounds and received considerable attention within the last years due to their exceptional electronic, optical, and magnetic properties.[1] These molecules find widespread use in various technical applications, including optical data storage, gas sensors, and dyes in infrared laser systems.
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