1 Introduction Alcohol abuse and dependence are critical global public health concerns, ranking as the seventh leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide [1]. Long-term excessive alcohol consumption can lead to myocardial cell injury and ultimately result in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, which is referred to as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) [2]. Characterized by systolic dysfunction, ventricular dilation, apoptosis and fibrosis, ultimately progressing to heart failure [3].
