Oncolytic Virotherapy Melanoma Immunomodulation T-Lymphocytes Background Treatment for advanced melanoma has dramatically improved over recent years with the introduction of immunotherapy (particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies against PD-1, PDL-1 and CTLA-4), and drugs targeting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway (BRAF and MEK inhibitors).1 However, a significant number of patients do not respond to these interventions, due to the lack of targetable gene mutations (only...