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Articles by Lorand Bartels
Greenland tariff threats - assessing the EU and UK responses and considering the US legal basis
On 17 January 2026, the President of the United States publicly threatened to impose tariffs (up to 10 percent on February 1, rising to 25 per cent on June 1) on goods originating from eight European countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Finland) in response to these countries’ opposition to US efforts to acquire Greenland.
The EU-US Trade Framework - The Battle Continues
Introduction On 21 August 2025, the United States and the European Union unveiled a new Framework on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade. The agreement, forged amidst escalating global protectionism and prior threats of broader trade conflicts, was presented as a pragmatic outcome for both the EU and the US. Nevertheless, mere days after its formalization, President Donald Trump renewed his challenges on digital taxes, potentially challenging the basis of the agreement.
Update to Tariff Landscape under President Trump
This post updates our blogpost that described the tariff landscape as of April 2, 2025. On April 9, 2025, President Trump issued an Executive Order (EO) 14266 modifying EO 14257 imposing “reciprocity” tariffs and further increasing country-specific tariffs against China.
Navigating the New Trade Landscape under President Trump
Since February 2025, President Trump has taken various executive actions, including the latest Executive Order published on April 2, 2025, imposing a wide array of tariffs on imports into the United States. These tariffs vary greatly in terms of their underlying rationale, legal authority, implementation speed, and amount.
The EU plans to respond to the Trump tariffs - what you need to know
The Trump tariffs Early in his second term, President Donald Trump has already imposed tariffs on a range of imports into the US and directed his administration to undertake investigations concerning the imposition of further tariffs.
EU to impose special tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles
In a press release of 12 June 2024, the European Commission (‘Commission’) announced its provisional conclusion that the battery electric vehicle (‘BEV’) value chain in the People’s Republic of China benefits from unfair subsidisation which is causing a threat of economic injury to European BEV producers. The Commission’s “pre-disclosure” follows the Biden administration’s recent announcement to quadruple the tariff on Chinese BEVs to more than 100% this year (plus exclusion from IRA subsidies).
Arne Constantin Krawinkel
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer (Dusseldorf) Counsel Dr. Arne Constantin-Krawinkel is a counsel at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, based in the firm’s Düsseldorf office. He specialises in advising corporate clients on M&A transactions (public/private) as well as corporate governance and other board room matters. Arne has worked for Freshfields for more than ten years and has served in a leading role on several high-profile mandates and numerous cross-border deals.
The EU Commission provisionally concludes that electric vehicle value chains in China benefit from unfair subsidies
Previous article Next article Share on | In a press release of 12 June 2024, the European Commission (‘Commission’) announced its provisional conclusion that the battery electric vehicle (‘BEV’) value chain in the People’s Republic of China benefits from unfair subsidisation which is causing a threat of economic injury to European BEV producers.
Lorand Bartels - Concurrences
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer (London) Counsel Lorand Bartels is a counsel at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, based in the firm’s London and Brussels office. He is an internationally recognised expert in trade law, having taught and published on many areas of trade law for two decades. In addition to his role at Freshfields, he is Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge.
The OECD Guidelines and the National Contact Points process
On 30 April 2024 and 7 May 2024, Freshfields hosted a two-part webinar series on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (the OECD Guidelines) and its integrated National Contact Point mechanism.
The OECD Guidelines and the National Contact Points process
On 30 April 2024 and 7 May 2024, Freshfields hosted a two-part webinar series on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (the OECD Guidelines) and its integrated National Contact Point mechanism.
UK businesses can benefit from free trade agreements … if they know how to use them
The past few years have been volatile for international trade and those who rely on it for their businesses’ success. UK traders in particular have faced headwinds, from the UK’s exit from the European Union, through COVID 19 to current geopolitical tensions. Nonetheless, trade is fundamental to UK businesses and the broader UK economy, and, building on the WTO framework, the ground rules for trade are increasingly being set by the UK’s free trade agreements (FTAs).
Essential Antitrust #26: Foreign subsidy control: EU gears up to review deals and business conduct
Click here to listen to the audio The EU has a brand new tool to police subsidies from non-EU governments. It gives the European Commission power to review M&A deals and public procurement bids, as well as initiate investigations. Companies potentially affected need already now to set up internal information gathering, and to factor the new rules into deal feasibility assessments and timelines.
Global Antitrust in 2023: Trade and Subsidy Control
IN BRIEF Governments are facing multiple challenges: In the long term, there is a need to decarbonize the economy, whereas in the shorter term, there are economic, food and energy crises resulting from the war in Ukraine and the ongoing impact of the global pandemic. Geopolitical frictions are also driving governments to build supply chain resilience relating to a wide range of sectors, from agricultural (food) and medical (vaccines) to technological (chips) and energy (diversification).
The Energy Transition: Recent developments in trade and competition law - What you need to know
We recently gathered a group of experts from Freshfields and Frontier Economics to share insights into competition and trade developments relating to the energy transition. Here are some of the key ideas discussed during the event: Introduction Legislators across Europe agree that urgent action is needed to fight climate change, but there is often an uneasy relationship between sustainability objectives and antitrust rules.
Job opportunity for PhD candidate in trade law
Linklaters LLP seeks a second year+ PhD candidate or postdoc working on trade law to assist in preparing regular updates on trade matters. The time commitment would be approximately eight hours per week. Location unimportant. Please contact Dr Lorand Bartels (Lorand.bartels@linklaters.com) for further details.
Attribution of the measures of an international organization to a member in the Russia - Tariff Treatment panel report
I was curious to know why the panel report in Russia - Tariff Treatment found violations by Russia because of duties that it was 'required' to apply. It turns out that the reason for this terminology is that the duty rates at issue were adopted, as a Common Customs Tariff (CCT), by the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), an organization that (unlike the EC-Turkey customs union at issue in Turkey – Textiles) has legal personality.
International Economic Law and Policy Blog
A gem from the Australian archives, for your holiday amusement ...
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