Different energy sources have different spillovers on economic development and industrialization. Pathways of economic development based on renewable energy sources might require additional policies to support industrial development. Fig. 1: Coal use across space and time. Fig. 2: Changes in poverty rates against the share of coal in total power capacity additions. References 1. Luderer, G. et al. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 626–633 (2018). 2. Glaeser, E. L., Kerr, S. P. & Kerr, W. R. Rev. Econ. Stat. 97, 498–520 (2015). 3.