Abstract Maintaining high-quality functional and recreational turfgrass requires effective management practices that support turf performance under field conditions. One promising strategy involves the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus sp. N188 on turf quality and functional performance. A field experiment was conducted in 2024–2025 under the conditions of southern Poland on Haplic Phaeozem soil.
