To view the full text, please login as a subscribed user or purchase a subscription. Click here to view the full text on ScienceDirect. Figure 1 Study design and facial landmarks (A) Sequence of study events. After answering demographic and practice-based questions and determining medical and financial ambiguity aversion, participants listened to a case-scenario and then viewed 6 therapeutic choices. This procedure was repeated for each of the 10 case-scenarios ranging from 25 to 50 seconds.