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Articles by Markus Kaulartz
EU AI Act Transparency: Real-World Examples
The wait is over. The EU’s transparency obligations under Article 50 of the EU AI Act are now in force. To support this implementation, the European Commission published its Guidelines on Transparency Obligations for Providers and Deployers of Certain AI Systems on 20 July 2026, which are non-binding guidelines to assist providers, deployers and competent authorities on how to comply with Article 50 and explain the four distinct transparency obligations under the AI Act.
Enforcement Of The EU AI Act: The EU AI Office
On 21 May 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence or the AI Act. As the world's first comprehensive law to regulate artificial intelligence, the AI Act establishes uniform requirements for the development and use of artificial intelligence in the EU. Once signed, the Regulation will be published in the Official Journal of the EU and will enter into force 20 days after publication.
EU's AI Act Published In Official Journal, Transition Periods Now Known
Following the adoption of the "Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence" (AI Act) by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, this act was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 12 July 2024. This marks the end of a long road of tough negotiations that began in 2021 with the European Commission's proposal for a Union-wide regulation on artificial intelligence (AI). The AI Act will enter into force on 1 August 2024.
EU AI Act - Focus On Enforcement: The EU Governance Structure
On 1 August 2024, the Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) will enter into force. As a European regulation, the AI Act will apply directly in all 27 EU member states and is intended to make a significant contribution to achieving the European digital strategy (A Europe fit for the digital age). In this, the second article in our series on the implementation of the AI Act, we provide an overview of the European AI governance structure.
Looking Ahead To The EU AI Act
On 12 July 2024, the "Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence" (the so-called AI Act) was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. After a long and complex journey that began in 2021 with the European Commission's proposal of a draft AI Act, the regulation will now enter into 20 days after its publication, i.e. on August 2, 2024.
EU AI Act - Focus on Enforcement: the EU governance structure
25/07/2024 On 2 August 2024, the Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) will enter into force. As a European regulation, the AI Act will apply directly in all 27 EU member states and is intended to make a significant contribution to achieving... Read more
EU AI Act - Focus on Enforcement: the EU governance structure
25/07/2024 On 1 August 2024, the Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) will enter into force. As a European regulation, the AI Act will apply directly in all 27 EU member states and is intended to make a significant contribution to achieving... Read more
EU’s AI Act published in Official Journal, transition periods now known
Following the adoption of the "Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence" (AI Act) by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, this act was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 12 July 2024. This marks the end of a long road of tough negotiations that began in 2021 with the European Commission's proposal for a Union-wide regulation on artificial intelligence (AI).
EU’s AI Act published in Official Journal, transition periods now known
EU’s AI Act published in Official Journal, transition periods now known 12/07/2024 Following the adoption of the "Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence" (AI Act) by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, this act was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 12 July 2024...
Enforcement of the EU AI Act: The EU AI Office
11/06/2024 On 21 May 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence or the AI Act. As the world's first comprehensive law to regulate artificial intelligence, the AI Act establishes uniform requirements... Read more
Back to Basics | AI and Funds
This Back to Basics note follows our key concepts briefings, which intend to provide high-level insights regarding funds fundamentals, funds vehicles and operational considerations, available here. Digital innovation is advancing and evolving at a fast pace for investment funds with artificial intelligence (AI) being a particularly high-profile topic. Managers and investors are increasingly looking ahead to how technology can be applied to their activities and operations.
KI-Verordnung - Transparenzpflichten, Rechte für Betroffene, AI Office und Sanktionen
Ob die KI-VO in ihrer aktuellen Fassung, in der nun auch ausdrückliche Rechte Betroffener vorgesehen sind, verabschiedet wird, soll sich Ende des Jahres zeigen. Der Anwendungsbereich des Entwurfs des Gesetzes über Künstliche Intelligenz (KI-Verordnung, AI Act) ist weit und auch generative KI wird grundsätzlich erfasst.
KI-Verordnung - Hochrisiko-KI-Systeme als regulatorischer Schwerpunkt
Anbieter, Anwender, Händler und Einführer von Hochrisiko-KI-Systemen liegen mit umfangreichen Pflichten im Fokus der KI-VO. Der aktuelle Entwurf des Gesetzes über Künstliche Intelligenz (KI-Verordnung, AI Act) legt den regulatorischen Schwerpunkt auf Anforderungen an Hochrisiko-KI-Systeme und Pflichten für deren Anbieter*, Anwender, Händler und Einführer sowie andere Beteiligte entlang der KI-Wertschöpfungskette.
KI-Verordnung - Die Regulierung generativer KI
Der Einsatz generativer KI-Systeme wird zukünftig wahrscheinlich durch die KI-VO reguliert, der Ende des Jahres in Kraft treten soll. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und maschinelles Lernen haben sich in den letzten Jahren rasant entwickelt. Generative KI-Modelle können Konversationen simulieren, Fragen beantworten und eigenständig neue Inhalte generieren und haben das Potenzial, den beruflichen Alltag von Bereichen wie Journalismus bis hin zu Rechtsberatung zu revolutionieren.
Lawyers for Crypto, FinTech & Digital Assets at CMS
In today's digital era, transformative innovations such as blockchain and crypto-assets have captured the world's attention, disrupting traditional industries and revolutionizing the way we transact, store data, and build trust. The advent of blockchain technology has ushered in a new era of transparency, security, and efficiency.
Performing services in a decentralised manner under MiCAR
Performing services in a decentralised manner under MiCAR 26/05/2023 At the end of April 2023, the European parliament decided on a uniform regulation of crypto assets across the EU by voting on the MiCA regulation (i.e. markets in crypto-assets). The intended innovations are "explosive" for activities related to crypto assets... Read more Authors Dr. Markus Kaulartz Partner Munich
CMS Expert Guide to Crypto Regulation
The regulatory landscape for cryptoassets is highly fragmented and inconsistent, with significant divergence between jurisdictions. The CMS Expert Guide on Crypto Regulation provides an overview of cryptoasset regulation (prior to the introduction of MiCA), focussing at this point on 28 European jurisdictions, both inside and outside the EU.
FTX-Desaster wäre mit Blockchain verhindert worden
Von Markus Kaulartz und Benedikt Holl *) Mit der Insolvenz der Kryptobörse FTX geht ein Beben durch die Kryptobranche. Der Wert- und Vertrauensverlust ist groß, die juristische Aufarbeitung in vollem Gange. Während sich Befürworter einer weitgehenden Regulierung des Kryptomarkts bestärkt sehen, rufen andere das Ende der Branche aus. Bei nüchterner Betrachtung lassen sich (mindestens) drei Lehren ziehen. 1.
NFTs sind mehr als ein Hype in der Kryptoszene
Von Markus Kaulartz und Alexander Schmid*) Non-Fungible Token (NFTs) sind spätestens seit Anfang 2021 in aller Munde. Der Verkauf des digitalen Kunstwerks mit dem Namen „Everydays: The first 5000 days“ für rund 69 Mill. Dollar stellt dabei nur die (vorläufige) Spitze des Eisbergs dar. Auch die Deutsche Börse und die Commerzbank steigen laut Medienberichten in den Handel mit NFTs ein und investieren dafür in das Fintech-Unternehmen „360X“. Non-Fungible Token basieren auf der Blockchain-Technologie.
Was die Blockchain-Strategie der Bundesregierung für die Startup-Szene bedeutet
Ein Beitrag von Markus Kaulartz, Counsel bei der Wirtschaftskanzlei CMS Deutschland Der deutsche Gesetzgeber ist einiges an Vorwürfen gewohnt. Gesetze sind veraltet, Innovationen werden verschlafen, und sowieso hat man die Digitalisierung schon lange verpasst.
Was das Gerichtsurteil gegen die BaFin für die Kryptoszene bedeutet
Ein Fachbeitrag von Markus Kaulartz, Anwalt für IT-Recht bei CMS Deutschland Das Kammergericht Berlin hat entschieden, dass Bitcoins keine Finanzinstrumente sind, also nicht unter die Vorschriften des sogenannten Kreditwesengesetzes (KWG) fallen. Setzt sich diese Rechtsprechung durch, ist die Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) die große Verliererin, denn die Behörde müsste in diesem Fall bei Geschäftsmodellen mit Bezug zu Bitcoins nicht mehr um Erlaubnis gefragt werden.
Der rechtskonforme ICO in 10 Schritten
ICOs faszinieren seit 2017 immer mehr Startups und Gründer: Jungunternehmer sparen sich das zermürbende Klinkenputzen bei Business Angels und VC-Investoren. Statt um Finanzierungsrunden zu ringen, erschaffen Startups bei Inital Coin Offerings ihre eigene Kryptowährung in Form von Token und verkaufen diese, um Geschäftsideen und Projekte zu finanzieren. ICOs sind die befreiende Antwort auf Knebelverträge von kontrollwütigen Anteilseignern.
Regulation of initial coin offerings (ICO) in Germany
Inspired by initial public offerings (IPO), initial coin offerings (ICO) are ways for a company to raise money by issuing a cryptocurrency instead of conventional shares. Although German and European regulators have not yet adopted laws specifically applicable to ICOs, this does not mean that ICOs are unregulated, as Blockchain enthusiasts may hope.
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