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Abstract Contrail cirrus account for the major share of aviation’s climate impact. Yet, the links between jet fuel composition, contrail microphysics and climate impact remain unresolved. Here we present unique observations from two DLR-NASA aircraft campaigns that measured exhaust and contrail characteristics of an Airbus A320 burning either standard jet fuels or low aromatic sustainable aviation fuel blends.
Keywords: Dynamics; Gravity waves; Mountain waves; Stratospheric circulation; Aircraft observations The region of the southern Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula is known as the world’s strongest stratospheric hotspot of gravity wave (GW) activity (in terms of strength and occurrence frequency) occurring during austral winter and lasting to early spring (e.g., Hoffmann et al. 2013; P. Alexander et al. 2010; de la Torre et al. 2012; Llamedo et al. 2019).
On 4 July 2014, during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), strong low-level horizontal winds of up to 35 m s?1 over the Southern Alps, New Zealand caused the excitation of gravity waves having the largest vertical energy fluxes of the whole campaign (38 W m?2). At the same time, large-amplitude mesospheric gravity waves were detected by the Temperature Lidar for Middle Atmospheric Research (TELMA) located in Lauder (45.0° S, 169.7° E), New Zealand.
We analyze a large amplitude mountain wave event, which was observed by a ground-based lidar above New Zealand between 31 July and 1 August 2014. Besides the lidar observations, ECMWF data, satellite observations and raytracing simulations are utilized in this study. It is found that the propagation of mountain waves into the middle atmosphere is influenced by two different phenomena at different times during the event.
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