1. Introduction Wildfires have become a major global concern, and in the United States (US) there are hundreds of thousands to millions of acres burned [ 1 , 2 ]. Consequently, wildland smoke emissions are progressively being recognized as a public health concern, due to large scale wildfire fire events [ 3 ]. The increased number of these events are attributed to anthropogenic climate change, including warmer temperatures, early spring melt, and decreased winter precipitation [ 4 ].
