1. Introduction Mitragyna speciosa, colloquially known as kratom, is a tree that grows natively in several Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In these countries, the human consumption of kratom dates back several centuries and has had medicinal and recreational motives [1,2]. Locals ingest the crude plant products either by directly chewing on the leaves, or by using the leaves as an ingredient in tea and other drink concoctions [3].
