Abstract We present a four-wave repeated-measures dataset capturing individuals’ responses to misinformation during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A total of 1,422 participants completed the initial T1 survey, and 1,153 participants completed all four survey waves (81.1% retention). Data were collected between February 4 and 11, 2020, enabling repeated assessments of the same participants’ responses to wave-specific information during a rapidly evolving public health crisis.