doi: 10.1183/13993003.01374-2022. Online ahead of print. Affiliations Affiliations 1 Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany. 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.