1 INTRODUCTION Composite Plate Shear Walls—Concrete Filled (C-PSW/CF) are structural wall elements recently adapted for use in building construction. These walls have emerged as a viable option because of their efficiency and effectiveness as a seismic force-resisting system as recently established in many research studies. The walls consist of two parallel steel faceplates and infill concrete. Composite action is ensured through tie bars connecting the steel plates and steel headed stud anchors.
