Quantification of the adverse effects of drought caused by water supply restrictions considering the changes in household water consumption characteristics Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Osaka University, 2–1 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan E-mail: u421091h@alumni.osaka-u.ac.jp ABSTRACT The volume of urban water used in Japan has been gradually declining in recent years because of the increase in water saving appliances and water saving behaviours.