8.2. Benchmarking An analysis of the information shows that a few studies using different imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, X-ray, US, and ECG have been linked with AI models for the various disease diagnosis and treatment of renal, pulmonary, carotid artery disease, coronary artery disease, DR, and COVID-19. There is very little discussion of AI’s economic modeling seen in the literature. Only a few studies highlight AI models’ economic consequences and operating costs.