This article was written by Carnegie Mellon University's Lee Branstetter, a professor of economics and public policy; Nathaniel Horner, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy; Granger Morgan, the Hamerschlag University Professor of Engineering and founding director of the Scott Institute for Energy Innovation; Ed Rubin, the Alumni Chair Professor of Environmental Engineering and Science; and Parth Vaishnav, a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of...