?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. Abstract Background Non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) skin rejuvenation relies on controlled volumetric heating of skin and subcutaneous tissues. Clinical validation is costly and ethically constrained, while simulations require experimental validation.
