1 Introduction Anticipated changes in climate means, particularly increased temperatures and altered rainfall patterns, are expected to intensify the frequency and severity of climate extremes, including heatwaves, heavy precipitation events, and prolonged droughts (Tripathy et al. 2023; AghaKouchak et al. 2020). These shifts may profoundly impact soil respiration (SR), a key component of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle responsible for emissions of 107 Pg C annually (Liu et al. 2024).
