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Combined traumatic brain injury (CTBI) refers to traumatic brain injury (TBI) coexisting with significant extracranial injuries. Patients with this injury pattern typically present with life-threatening conditions such as shock and respiratory failure, require complex multidisciplinary management, and are at high risk of complications, as described in polytrauma cohorts that include TBI.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by extensive neovascularization and a highly infiltrative phenotype. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, such as bevacizumab, have emerged as significant adjunct treatments for recurrent and high-grade GBM by targeting abnormal tumor vasculature.
1. Introduction Primary brain tumors, occurring at a rate of approximately 22 cases per 100,000 people, contribute to less than 2% of all newly diagnosed growths. However, about 33% of these primary brain tumors are of a malignant nature, accompanied by a projected 5-year survival rate of 34.4% [1]. Patient outcomes and survival hinge on the specific tumor type.
Ilgiz Gareev1*, Ozal Beylerli, PhD1*, Albert Sufianov1 and Philipp Taussky2 1Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia 2Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, United States The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon. Receive an email when it is updated You just subscribed to receive the final version of the article Vascular pathology is one of the most complex branches of neurosurgery.
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