1 INTRODUCTION As a result of breeding studies to increase productivity in broiler production, hybrids can reach slaughter weight in a shorter time. Broiler growth increased by more than 400% and feed to gain ratio decreased by about 50% from 1957 to 2005 (Müsse et al., 2022). However, this accelerated growth may lead to metabolic disorders such as skeletal problems from weak legs, bone deformities and fractures, resulting in high financial losses (Quadros et al., 2021).
