1 Introduction Renewable energy-driven green hydrogen production through large-scale seawater electrolysis has emerged as a global research priority for energy transition.[1-5] This approach not only circumvents freshwater scarcity concerns but also enables direct integration with offshore renewable energy infrastructure.[6] However, the practical implementation of seawater electrolysis faces formidable technical barriers stemming from the complex ionic composition of seawater (e.g., Cl−,...
