Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by persistently impaired social interactions and interpersonal communication, limited, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors, and a significantly limited range of interests and activities. In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) revolutionized the diagnostic criteria for ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).