CIs confidence intervals HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HR hazard ratio ICD-7 International Classification of Diseases, 7th Revision LISA Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labor Market Studies OR odds ratio PLC primary liver cancer 1 Introduction Primary liver cancer (PLC), a malignant tumour originating from hepatocytes or intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death (Bray et al.