Abstract Background: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a fibroinflammatory disorder characterized by painful shoulder restriction and progressive capsular fibrosis. Whether regulated cell-death (RCD) programs are consistently altered across independent transcriptomic cohorts remains uncertain. Methods: We reanalyzed three public bulk RNA-seq cohorts. GSE140731 was the discovery cohort (22 AC and 26 shoulder-instability surgical controls), and GSE190023 and GSE238053 were independent validation cohorts.
