A 35-year-old South African woman, who was newly diagnosed with HIV after having started antiretroviral treatment 3 weeks prior, presented to a peripheral hospital with pancytopenia (hemoglobin, 5.2 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume, 111.1 fL; white blood cell count, 1730/μL; absolute neutrophil count, 1360/μL; and platelet count, 50,000/μL). On clinical examination at the time, she was noted to have no lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly, and her chest radiograph was clear.
