Robert Keeling
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Articles by Robert Keeling
Testing AI's Promise For Large-Scale Document Review
Testing AI's Promise For Large-Scale Document Review By Robert Keeling and Amy Hanke · October 1, 2026, 2:18 PM EDT Can generative artificial intelligence make document review more efficient and accurate without increasing risk, and if so, how?... To view the full article, register now.
Testing AI's Promise For Large-Scale Document Review
By Robert Keeling and Amy Hanke ( October 1, 2026, 2:18 PM EDT) -- Can generative artificial intelligence make document review more efficient and accurate without increasing risk, and if so, how?... Law360 is on it, so you are, too. A Law360 subscription puts you at the center of fast-moving legal issues, trends and developments so you can act with speed and confidence. Over 200 articles are published daily across more than 60 topics, industries, practice areas and jurisdictions.
TAR and Generative AI Team Up to Achieve Success in Large-Scale Discovery
L-R: Mark Resnick & Allison Myers of Consilio, and Robert Keeling & Amy Hanke of Redgrave Courtesy photos The Challenge: Too Much To Review, Not Enough Time Large-scale regulatory investigations increasingly require producing parties to manage more data, tighter deadlines, shifting scope, and increased risks. In cross-border matters, the challenges can be even greater.
Better Than TAR. Nearly Expert: What a Major Study Shows About Gen AI and TAR in a Complex Document Review
(l-r) Robert Keeling, Ray Mangum, Eli Nelson, and Kevin Reiss, with Redgrave. Courtesy photos For more than a decade, technology-assisted review (TAR) has helped legal teams conduct large-scale document review more efficiently and defensibly than traditional search-term or linear-review approaches. Courts, practitioners, and discovery professionals have developed familiar ways to validate results, measure recall and elusion, and explain why a review process was reasonable and proportional.
Redgrave LLP Study Finds Generative AI Outperforms TAR
Redgrave LLP has published the results of an independent empirical study comparing generative AI–based document review against a traditional managed review using continuous active learning. The study, led by Redgrave co-managing partner Robert Keeling, partner Ray Mangum, senior counsel Eli Nelson and counsel Kevin Reiss, provides empirical support for the defensibility of a properly prompted generative AI (GenAI) workflow under established legal standards.
[Webinar] Beyond the Prompt: Assessing the Discoverability of AI Prompts and Outputs - January 15th, 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm ET | JD Supra
Much of the buzz about artificial intelligence (AI) in law has focused on its utility as a discovery tool rather than a potential source of discovery. While AI’s impact on discovery processes, such as reviewing and coding documents, generating privilege logs, and summarizing documents, is undeniable, AI interactions themselves – inputs and outputs – are poised to reshape the discovery landscape.
Navigating a government investigation: insights for in-house counsel
September 30, 2025 - It is unwelcome news—learning that your company is the subject of a government investigation that will bring scrutiny, disruption, and risk to the business. In many cases, a government inquiry is a major event that can put a company's operations, finances, reputation, and legal standing on the line. The outcome will often depend on how the company responds, making it critical for in-house counsel to act fast and smart to protect the organization from fallout. Sign up here.
Navigating a government investigation: insights for in-house counsel
(September 30, 2025) - Robert D. Keeling and Amy Hanke of Redgrave LLP and Ava Guo of AT&T discuss key considerations and strategic planning and approaches for in-house counsel when companies are the subject of a government investigation. It is unwelcome news—learning that your company is the subject of a government investigation that will bring scrutiny, disruption, and risk to the business.
Don’t Rush Past Relevance: Assessing the Discoverability of AI Prompts and Outputs | JD Supra
Much of the buzz about artificial intelligence (AI) in law has focused on its utility as a discovery tool rather than a potential source of discovery. While AI’s impact on discovery processes, such as reviewing and coding documents, generating privilege logs, and summarizing documents, is undeniable, AI interactions themselves – inputs and outputs – are poised to reshape the discovery landscape. This article examines whether and when such interactions may be discoverable in litigation.
AI’s Expanding Role in Antitrust: How LLMs Are Changing Regulatory Reviews | JD Supra
Summary: Learn how strategically deploying large language models in both predictive and generative AI can help streamline your processes in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. Regulatory changes in the antitrust sector over the last two years are highlighting a critical role that AI (and specifically large language models) play in helping legal teams analyze and cull the vast amounts of data increasingly requested by regulators during M&A reviews.
[Webinar] The Litigator’s Toolkit: Streamlining Case Preparation with AI and Modern Technology - February 20th, 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm ET | JD Supra
Preparing for litigation can be daunting, but the right technology can make all the difference. This webinar with EDRM and Reveal will explore essential tools and strategies that simplify case preparation, enhance efficiency, and drive better outcomes. From eDiscovery to evidence organization and case analysis, AI and modern technology are transforming how legal teams approach litigation. Join us to learn how to: Automate eDiscovery workflows to save time and reduce costs.
Illumination Zone: Episode 186 | Robert Keeling of Redgrave sits down with Kaylee & Mary | JD Supra
Robert Keeling, Partner and leader of Redgrave's Second Request Practice sits down with Kaylee and Mary to talk about moving his highly technical and experienced practice team from Sidley to Redgrave. Known to many as the "King of Second Requests", Robert explained what makes that discipline challenging, and also what the "First request" is. Robert noted his and Redgrave's complimentary business models for providing the eDiscovery and technical foundation for merits counsel.
Humans Against the Machines: Still Reaffirming the Superiority of Human Attorneys in Legal Document Review
In September 2020, the Richmond Journal of Law & Technology published an article by the undersigned authors, in which the authors examined the limitations and risks of relying solely on predictive coding in the discovery process and demonstrated, with empirical data, that human attorney review significantly increases the quality of a document production. In response to this publication, Maura R. Grossman and Gordon V.
As AI Hits E-Discovery, Lawyers Move From Biglaw To A Boutique
Many moons ago, when I was a litigation associate at a law firm, I spent a fair amount of time on discovery—yes, discovery and not e-discovery, because the process had not yet gone electronic. I would physically go to clients’ offices, review boxes and file cabinets brimming over with (paper) documents, and figure out how to extract from those documents the information needed for our case. It was not fun. And it was stressful. Today, of course, discovery is so much easier.
Separating the Privileged Wheat from the Chaff - Using Text Analytics and Machine Learning to Protect Attorney-Client Privilege
Abstract The digital age has created unique challenges for parties that engage in large-scale litigation. Safeguarding the attorney-client privilege is a critical task for litigators during discovery—one that becomes more difficult and expensive every year. Document review is now responsible for the vast majority of costs in the average legal matter, and costs are only rising.
August’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: A decision from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ordering the plaintiff to implement added data security measures to certain electronically stored information (ESI) produced by the defendant and declining to shift the costs of such added data security measures to the defendant A decision from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York...
E-Discovery Quarterly: Rulings On Hyperlinked Documents
By Tom Paskowitz, Robert Keeling and Colleen Kenney (August 8, 2024, 1:34 PM EDT) -- This article is part of a quarterly column analyzing the most notable e-discovery developments from the previous three months. This installment takes a closer look at recent decisions involving hyperlinked documents.... Law360 is on it, so you are, too. A Law360 subscription puts you at the center of fast-moving legal issues, trends and developments so you can act with speed and confidence.
July’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: An amendment to the Joint Local Rules of the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York effective July 1, 2024, amending Local Rule 26.2(c) to address the potential use in certain circumstances of categorical or metadata privilege logs instead of a document‐by-document log A recommendation from a special discovery master for the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of...
June’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: An order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California requiring that the parties’ protocol for the production of electronically stored information (ESI) would not contain an obligation to produce contemporaneous versions of documents hyperlinked in email or chat messages and archived using Google Vault, because there was no commercially available technical...
May’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: An order from the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas finding that certain descriptions in a government agency’s categorical privilege log lacked sufficient detail and information to permit the Defendant and the court to assess the privileges claimed and requiring the agency to individually log the documents in those categories A decision from the U.S. District Court for...
E-Discovery Quarterly: Recent Rulings On Text Message Data
By Tom Paskowitz, Robert Keeling and Colleen Kenney (May 10, 2024, 4:40 PM EDT) -- This article is part of a quarterly column analyzing the most notable e-discovery developments from the previous three months. This installment takes a closer look at recent decisions involving the production or spoliation of text message data.... Law360 is on it, so you are, too.
E-Discovery Quarterly: Recent Rulings On Text Message Data
By Tom Paskowitz, Robert Keeling and Colleen Kenney · May 10, 2024, 4:40 PM EDT This article is part of a quarterly column analyzing the most notable e-discovery developments from the previous three months. This installment takes a closer look at recent decisions involving the production or... To view the full article, register now.
March’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California granting a motion to compel deposition testimony pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) related to certain “discovery on discovery” topics a decision from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas denying a motion to claw back a government report that Defendant had...
February's Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California requiring the Defendant to provide, at the outset of a multidistrict proceeding, information about the approximately 15,700 recipients of its litigation hold notices and the sources of custodial and noncustodial electronically stored information (ESI), pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 and...
January’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California limiting a subpoena to Discord for electronically stored information (ESI) and declining to compel Discord to produce passwords and content for certain accounts, under 28 U.S.C. § 1782 and the Stored Communications Act (SCA) a decision from the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee...
GPT-4 and E-Discovery: Sidley Puts It to the Test
Artificial Intelligence E-Discovery Technology Media and Telecom A quantifiable look at whether GPT-4 is likely to live up to these expectations in the legal context and, more specifically, as it relates to document review in e-discovery. ChatGPT by OpenAI came crashing into the world on Nov.
Do Distributed Firm Partners Pine for Profit-Sharing?: The Morning Minute
Page Printed From: https://www.law.com/2023/12/15/do-distributed-firm-partners-pine-for-profit-sharing-the-morning-minute/ ANALYSIS The news and analysis you need to start your day. Want to continue reading?
Replacing Attorney Review? Sidley's Experimental Assessment of GPT-4’s Performance in Document Review
With this subscription you will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry. This is perfect for attorneys licensed in multiple jurisdictions or for attorneys that have fulfilled their CLE requirement but need to access resourceful information for their practice areas. View Now Our Team Account subscription service is for legal teams of four or more attorneys.
President Biden signs sweeping artificial intelligence Executive Order
Table of Contents Overview Key Directives Privacy Equity and Civil Rights Intellectual Property Steps Ahead Overview On October 30, 2023, President Joe Biden issued an executive order (EO or the Order) on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) to advance a coordinated, federal governmentwide approach toward the safe and responsible development of AI.
September’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois declining to permit discovery into the Defendants’ collection of documents for discovery purposes, where the Plaintiff did not demonstrate a specific and material failure by Defendants to conduct a reasonable inquiry during the discovery process a decision from a discovery special master in the U.S....
August’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: 1. an order from the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas finding that good cause was shown for expedited forensic imaging of certain of Defendants’ computers and storage devices given the nature of the claims and the need to preserve the information on the devices, but also finding that good cause was not shown for similar treatment of personal cell phones 2.
June’s notable cases and events in e-discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granting a motion to compel Defendant to produce hyperlinked documents as attachments to the emails in which they were linked a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota permitting Plaintiffs to bulk-designate their document production as confidential under the applicable...
May’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland denying a motion in limine to exclude from trial all evidence relating to an email that was produced only as a forwarded copy (as well as an alleged attachment to that email) finding that Plaintiff had satisfied the prima facie showing required under Fed. R. Evid.
April's Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granting a motion for sanctions against Google for failing to preserve internal Google Chat messages, where Google declined to set a default hold on all chat messages for the relevant custodians, instead relying on the custodians themselves to ensure preservation of relevant chat messages but failing to...
March’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granting monetary and adverse inference sanctions for several discovery failures, including for failing to turn off the auto-delete function for Skype message data and failing to preserve text messages, but declining to grant sanctions for messages lost as a result of a migration process a ruling from the...
February’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah overruling an objection to discovery based on Thai privacy law, finding that the Plaintiff had not established that the foreign law applied or precluded the discovery an order from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania denying a motion for sanctions based on alleged spoliation of Discord...
January's Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California denying the Defendants’ motion to compel Plaintiff to disclose information about the sources, methodology, and search terms used to collect electronically stored information (ESI) from one of its custodians an order from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina overruling the...
December’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery | JD Supra
Image: Kaylee Walstad, EDRM [Editor’s Note: This article was first published December 14, 2022 and EDRM is grateful to Robert Keeling, Chair of the EDRM Global Advisory Council and our Trusted Partner, Sidley, for permission to pubish.] This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey denying the Defendants’ application to use technology-assisted review (TAR) to...
December’s Notable Cases and Events in E-Discovery
This Sidley Update addresses the following recent developments and court decisions involving e-discovery issues: a ruling from the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey denying the Defendants’ application to use technology-assisted review (TAR) to produce documents because the parties had not agreed to use TAR and because the Defendants did not substantiate the need for their request to use TAR an order from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California ordering...
The Case That Showed Me The Value of E-Discovery Plans | JD Supra
Photo source: Canva (Originally published by Law360, Portfolio Media, June 15, 2022, 3:06 PM EDT) In October 2016, AT&T Inc. announced its plan to merge with entertainment company Time Warner Inc., a historic $85 billion deal that was widely publicized and combined two historic companies. During the final days before the announcement of the merger agreement, my own family underwent an equally historic — at least to us — although less publicized transformation with the birth of my youngest son.
Octobers Notable Cases And Events In E-Discovery
1. A ruling from the District of Kansas denying the petitioners' motion for spoliation sanctions against the government for deletion of metadata from two hard drives that government employees had reformatted, because the petitioners failed to establish that the metadata actually existed on the hard drives prior to the deletion of data on the drives as a result of the reformatting. In In re: CCA Recordings 2255 Litigation, Petitioners, v. United States of America, 2021 WL 2212758 (D. Kan.
Keyword Searches To Improve Your Privilege Doc Review
Law360 (January 13, 2021, 3:54 PM EST) -- Safeguarding the attorney-client privilege is a critical task for litigators during discovery — one that becomes more difficult and expensive every year. Document review is now responsible for the vast majority of costs in the average legal matter, and costs are only rising. The volume of digitally stored data doubles roughly every two years,[1] driving up discovery costs and increasing the risk of inadvertently disclosing privileged information.
Scary Christmas Stories: A History of the Holiday's Ghostly Tradition
By Aaron Sagers | December 19, 2020 | | Comments count:0 “It always is Christmas Eve, in a ghost story” – Jerome K. Jerome, 1891 In the English countryside, dinner had ended, and the company retired to the drawing room. They gathered around the fire as the parson, who sat in a high-backed oak chair, proceeded to tell of goblins and ghosts. The squire, not a superstitious man himself, listened intently as the parson spoke about the crusader who rose from his tomb for a nighttime ride.
A Christmas Carol: The Best and Worst Adaptations
Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, the classic story of a time travelling pensioner who sees dead people, is a festive fairytale which has itself become part of Christmas folklore. In terms of favourite Christmas tales, Rudolph and Frosty may wrap up the children’s vote, but for most people, it’s Dickens’ seminal work which would get the nod.
The Rod Serling Christmas Movie You Never Saw
A Christmas Carol is the definitive Christmas story. Yes, you might try and argue it’s the nativity, but the volume of movie adaptations begs to differ, and I can tell your heart’s not in it. And yes, I see those of you rushing to the comments to tell us it’s Die Hard and I think you’re very big and clever.
A Christmas Carol: the best and worst adaptations
Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, the classic story of a time travelling pensioner who sees dead people, is a festive fairytale which has itself become part of Christmas folklore. In terms of favourite Christmas tales, Rudolph and Frosty may wrap up the children's vote, but for most people, it's Dickens’ seminal work which would get the nod.
'His Dark Materials' at the BBC: Everything we know so far
They may be some of the most popular fantasy novels of all time, but we’re still yet to see a definitive live-action adaptation of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials saga. Pullman’s books tell an epic and ambitious story which takes in fantastical new worlds and embraces inventive concepts and deep theological questions. In other words, it’s got gripping viewing written all over it. The only previous adaptation attempt, however, was the big-screen version of The Golden Compass from 2007.
GLOW: Looking back at the glorious second season
The year may only be a little over halfway through but we’ve already seen plenty of strong contenders for the title of best Netflix Original Series of the year. One of the most understated offerings which could arguably stake a claim to this prize however is the excellent second season of GLOW.
'Castle Rock': Looking ahead to the chilling new Stephen King series
Fans of Stephen King’s back catalogue have no doubt been counting down the days until the arrival of Castle Rock. Landing on Hulu on 25 July (a UK broadcaster has not been announced so far), the series will not be based on a specific King property but will instead revolve around the town of Castle Rock, a fictional burg that crops up in numerous stories by the author.
The golden age of The Simpsons -TV comedy’s greatest winning streak
It’s not a big secret that The Simpsons has experienced a decline of sorts in recent years. Opinions vary on the extent of this dip but one thing that is universally accepted is that while it may not be the powerhouse it once was, at its peak, The Simpsons was utterly peerless. For over a decade, The Simpsons was one of the most innovative, witty and hilarious shows on television.
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