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Articles by Robert Stranger
A Low-Oxidation-State Mechanism for O─O Bond Formation in Photosystem II via Oxo–Hydroxyl Radical Coupling
1 Introduction Photosynthetic oxygen evolution in plants and cyanobacteria occurs through water oxidation at the Mn4CaO5/6 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II (PSII) [1-9]. This process follows the Kok cycle (Figure 1) [10], where the cluster progresses stepwise through five oxidation states, S0 to S4. The S0 to S3 states are relatively stable, whereas the S4 state is short-lived and is the stage where O─O bond formation occurs, leading to O2 release.
Gold Is Not Palladium: Linear Selectivity in Gold-Catalyzed Heck-Type Arylation via an Allylic Deprotonation–Coupling (ADC) Mechanism
Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Heck-type reactions represent one of the most powerful transition metal-catalyzed methods for carbon–carbon bond formation, enabling efficient arylation of alkenes in a broad range of contexts.
Cover Feature: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Acid‐Controlled Divergent Radical Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes to Access 1‐Indanones and 1H‐Cyclopropa[b] Naphthalene‐2,7‐diones
Graphical Abstract Copper(I)-catalyzed radical cyclization of 1,6-enynes with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as both oxidant and reactant delivers 1-indanones in the presence of 4-methylbenzoic acid as cocatalyst, whereas its absence redirects the reaction toward 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene-2,7-diones. DFT calculations reveal how subtle changes in conditions lead to divergent mechanistic pathways. More information can be found in the Research Article by A. Ariafard, S.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Acid‐Controlled Divergent Radical Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes to Access 1‐Indanones and 1H‐Cyclopropa[b] Naphthalene‐2,7‐diones
Conflict of Interests The authors declare no conflict of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description chem202501015-sup-0001-SI.pdf8.2 MB Supporting Information References 1a) , , Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 7418; b) , , , , , , Org. Chem. Front. 2021, 8, 1345; c) , , , , , , Org. Lett. 2021, 23, 5425; d) , , , , , Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1004; e) , , Chem. Commun. 2024, 60, 538; f) , , Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 74; g) , , , , , , , , Chem. Sci. 2024, 15, 2205; h) , , , , , Chem. Sci.
Mechanisms of Mn(V)‐Oxo to Mn(IV)‐Oxyl Conversion: From Closed‐Cubane Photosystem II to Mn(V) Catalysts and the Role of the Entering Ligands
Introduction Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria produce life-sustaining oxygen (O2) through the process of photosynthetic water splitting. This vital reaction is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5/6 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) embedded in photosystem II (PSII). During the catalytic process, the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) advances through a series of five “Si states” (i=0–4) (Figure 1a).
Non-Traded REITs post $3.5b in October; Blackstone surpasses records
by Robert A. Stranger & Co., Inc. Non-traded REIT fundraising totaled $3.519 billion in October, marking the industry’s fifth consecutive month of more than $3 billion raised, reported Robert A. Stanger & Co. Inc. Blackstone’s BREIT leads with $2.414 billion this month, pushing the REIT’s cumulative fundraising past the $40 billion mark. Starwood reported $587 million in fundraising for the month, followed by LaSalle Investment Management with $122 million.
Non-traded REITs post another $3b+ month of strong fundraising fueled by strong performance
by Robert A. Stranger & Co., Inc. Non-traded REIT fundraising totaled $3.294 billion in September, marking the industry’s fourth consecutive month in excess of $3 billion, reported Robert A. Stanger & Co., Inc. Blackstone’s BREIT leads with $2.167 billion in September, followed by Starwood with $626 million reported. Ares, formerly known as Black Creek, reported $152 million.
Non-traded REITs post another $3b+ month in July
by Robert A. Stranger & Co., Inc. Non-traded REITs posted more than $3 billion in fundraising for their second month in a row, according to Robert A. Stranger & Co., Inc. July fundraising of $3.3 billion was once again led by Blackstone’s BREIT with $2.332 billion. Starwood reported a strong $544 million this month and Ares, formerly known as Black Creek, reported $155 million.
Theoretical study of the mechanism for the sequential N-O and N-N bond cleavage within N
A theoretical study into the reactions of the N O adducts of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and a V complex was carried out using DFT calculations. Unlike most transition metal reactions with N O that simply release N following O-atom transfer onto the metal centre, this NHC-based system traps the entire N O molecule and then cleaves both the N–O and N–N bond in two consecutive reactions.
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