List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Author’s Note: Dating System of the Religious Society of Friends Introduction: Practical Friends Part 1: Seed Time 1. “Inward and Outward Consolation”: Quaker Piety 2. “To Cultivate Tender Minds”: Educating Children 3. “The Solemn Close”: Rituals of Death Part 2: Fruitless Exercise and Distress 4. “A Dividing and Separating Spirit”: The Hicksite Schism 5. “Contentions, Divisions, and Subdivisions”: Gurneyites v. Wilburites 6.