This analysis was performed based on nationally representative BDHS-17-18 data and a literature review following systematic procedures. To identify the factors associated with the child’s undernutrition and the mother’s age at first childbirth, and associated factors of first childbirth during the adolescent period, we used the BDHS-17-18 dataset. We used a desk-based literature review to examine programmatic factors and gaps in the undernutrition of children of adolescent mothers in Bangladesh.