BAT brown adipose tissue BM bone marrow DCs dendritic cells DEGs differentially expressed genes eWAT epididymal white adipose tissue iWAT inguinal white adipose tissue NK cell natural killer cell NKT cell natural killer T cell Pb peripheral blood PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells SP spleen WAT white adipose tissue 1 Background Obesity typically emerges during middle age (30–49 years) and progresses into early aging (40–65 years) on a global scale (Flegal et al. 2016; Gallagher et al.